{"id":2581,"date":"2026-07-05T21:27:08","date_gmt":"2026-07-05T21:27:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/severeinjurylawyers.com\/?p=2581"},"modified":"2026-07-22T22:26:17","modified_gmt":"2026-07-22T22:26:17","slug":"visualizador-de-lesiones-por-accidentes-de-camiones","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/severeinjurylawyers.com\/es\/truck-crash-injury-visualizer\/","title":{"rendered":"Lesiones por accidentes de camiones seg\u00fan la velocidad y el escenario"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n  \"@graph\": [\n    {\n      \"@type\": \"WebPage\",\n      \"@id\": \"https:\/\/severeinjurylawyers.com\/truck-crash-injury-visualizer\/#webpage\",\n      \"url\": \"https:\/\/severeinjurylawyers.com\/truck-crash-injury-visualizer\/\",\n      \"name\": \"Truck Accident Injuries by Speed and Scenario: Interactive 18-Wheeler Collision Visualizer\",\n      \"description\": \"See how truck accident injuries change by speed and crash scenario. 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var(--line);display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:14px;align-items:baseline;font-size:15px;cursor:default}.jca-tpv .tpv-injuries li:last-child{border-bottom:none}.jca-tpv .tpv-injuries .zone{color:var(--gold);font-size:12px;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.05em;text-transform:uppercase;white-space:nowrap}@media(max-width:600px){.jca-tpv{font-size:16px}.jca-tpv .tpv-controls{gap:8px}.jca-tpv .tpv-crash-btn{flex:1 1 calc(33.33% - 6px);min-height:44px;padding:10px 6px;font-size:12.5px;text-align:center}.jca-tpv .tpv-units{margin-left:0;width:100%}.jca-tpv .tpv-unit-btn{flex:1;min-height:44px;font-size:13px}.jca-tpv .tpv-speed{padding:16px 16px 22px}.jca-tpv .tpv-speed-value{font-size:30px}.jca-tpv input[type=range]{height:9px}.jca-tpv input[type=range]::-webkit-slider-thumb{width:28px;height:28px}.jca-tpv .tpv-ticks{font-size:11px}.jca-tpv .tpv-body-panel,.jca-tpv .tpv-diagram,.jca-tpv .tpv-injuries{padding:16px}.jca-tpv .tpv-crash-name{font-size:18px;text-align:left}.jca-tpv .tpv-injuries li{font-size:14px}.jca-tpv .tpv-tip{max-width:200px}}\n<\/style>\n<style><\/style>\n<div  class=\"jca-tpv\">\n<main id=\"tpv-top\">\n\n<!-- ===== HERO + TOOL ===== -->\n<section class=\"tpv-sec\" id=\"visualizer\" style=\"padding-block:clamp(80px,10vw,128px) clamp(58px,8vw,96px)\">\n  <div class=\"tpv-wrap\">\n      <div class=\"tpv-hero-grid\">\n        <div>\n          <span class=\"tpv-kicker\">Interactive Safety Tool<\/span>\n          <h1 class=\"tpv-title\">Truck Accident Injuries by Speed: What 80,000 Pounds Does to You<\/h1>\n        <\/div>\n        <p class=\"tpv-sub tpv-sub--frost\">Choose a truck crash type and set the impact speed. The figure shows where truck accident injuries concentrate on the body of the car&#8217;s occupants; the panel shows the physics behind them. Hover or tap any body zone for detail.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n    <div style=\"margin-top:34px\">\n<div class=\"tpv-app\"\n\tdata-speed=\"40\"\n\tdata-crash=\"trear\"\n\tdata-units=\"mph\"\n\tdata-glow=\"tpv-glow\">\n<div class=\"tpv-app__wrap\">\n\n\t<div class=\"tpv-controls\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Crash type\">\n\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"tpv-crash-btn\" data-crash=\"trear\" aria-pressed=\"true\">Truck Rear-Ends You<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"tpv-crash-btn\" data-crash=\"head\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Head On<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"tpv-crash-btn\" data-crash=\"sideu\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Side Underride<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"tpv-crash-btn\" data-crash=\"rearu\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Rear Underride<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"tpv-crash-btn\" data-crash=\"jack\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Jackknife<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"tpv-crash-btn\" data-crash=\"tbone\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Truck T-Bones You<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"tpv-crash-btn\" data-crash=\"squeeze\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Wide Turn Squeeze<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"tpv-crash-btn\" data-crash=\"troll\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Truck Rollover<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"tpv-crash-btn\" data-crash=\"blind\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Blind Spot Swipe<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"tpv-crash-btn\" data-crash=\"cargo\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Lost Cargo<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpv-units\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Units\">\n\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"tpv-unit-btn\" data-unit=\"mph\" aria-pressed=\"true\">mph<\/button>\n\t\t\t<button type=\"button\" class=\"tpv-unit-btn\" data-unit=\"kmh\" aria-pressed=\"false\">km\/h<\/button>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t<div class=\"tpv-speed\">\n\t\t<div class=\"tpv-speed-top\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"tpv-speed-label\">Impact speed<\/span>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"tpv-speed-value\"><span data-tpv=\"speed-num\">40<\/span><small data-tpv=\"speed-unit\">mph<\/small><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<input type=\"range\" data-tpv=\"range\" min=\"10\" max=\"80\" step=\"1\" value=\"40\" aria-label=\"Impact speed\">\n\t\t<div class=\"tpv-ticks\"><span>10<\/span><span>City street<\/span><span>40<\/span><span>Highway<\/span><span>80<\/span><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t<div class=\"tpv-grid\">\n\n\t\t<div class=\"tpv-body-panel\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"tpv-panel-h\">Injury zones on the body<\/div>\n\t\t\t<svg class=\"tpv-fig-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 340 470\" width=\"100%\" role=\"img\"\n\t\t\t\taria-label=\"Anatomical figure showing where injuries concentrate for the selected truck crash type and speed\">\n\t\t\t\t<defs>\n\t\t\t\t\t<filter id=\"tpv-glow\" x=\"-40%\" y=\"-40%\" width=\"180%\" height=\"180%\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<feGaussianBlur stdDeviation=\"3.5\" result=\"b\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<feMerge><feMergeNode in=\"b\"\/><feMergeNode in=\"SourceGraphic\"\/><\/feMerge>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/filter>\n\t\t\t\t<\/defs>\n\n\t\t\t\t<g class=\"tpv-fig\" transform=\"translate(60,8)\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<ellipse cx=\"110\" cy=\"40\" rx=\"23\" ry=\"27\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<path d=\"M99,63 C99,74 97,80 91,84 C74,88 65,97 63,110 L63,150 C63,174 66,193 72,206 L72,214 C72,229 77,242 84,251 L136,251 C143,242 148,229 148,214 L148,206 C154,193 157,174 157,150 L157,110 C155,97 146,88 129,84 C123,80 121,74 121,63 Z\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<path d=\"M63,106 C51,113 46,126 46,143 L48,194 C49,212 52,225 56,236 L69,232 C65,220 63,205 63,190 L63,140 C63,126 64,114 69,106 Z\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<path d=\"M157,106 C169,113 174,126 174,143 L172,194 C171,212 168,225 164,236 L151,232 C155,220 157,205 157,190 L157,140 C157,126 156,114 151,106 Z\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<ellipse cx=\"60\" cy=\"248\" rx=\"10\" ry=\"14\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<ellipse cx=\"160\" cy=\"248\" rx=\"10\" ry=\"14\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<path d=\"M84,251 C81,272 79,300 81,330 C82,360 85,388 89,410 L107,410 C105,384 104,352 105,323 C105,298 106,273 107,253 Z\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<path d=\"M136,251 C139,272 141,300 139,330 C138,360 135,388 131,410 L113,410 C115,384 116,352 115,323 C115,298 114,273 113,253 Z\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<path d=\"M87,410 L107,410 L107,426 C107,432 103,436 95,436 L74,436 C70,436 68,432 70,427 C73,420 80,414 87,410 Z\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<path d=\"M133,410 L113,410 L113,426 C113,432 117,436 125,436 L146,436 C150,436 152,432 150,427 C147,420 140,414 133,410 Z\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/g>\n\n\t\t\t\t<g aria-hidden=\"true\" font-family=\"Montserrat,sans-serif\" font-weight=\"600\" font-size=\"10.5\" letter-spacing=\"1.2\" fill=\"#8F8F8F\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<g stroke=\"#4A4A4A\" stroke-width=\"1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<line x1=\"52\" y1=\"48\" x2=\"146\" y2=\"48\"\/><line x1=\"52\" y1=\"128\" x2=\"119\" y2=\"128\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<line x1=\"52\" y1=\"236\" x2=\"128\" y2=\"236\"\/><line x1=\"52\" y1=\"430\" x2=\"123\" y2=\"430\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<line x1=\"288\" y1=\"82\" x2=\"187\" y2=\"82\"\/><line x1=\"288\" y1=\"118\" x2=\"239\" y2=\"118\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<line x1=\"288\" y1=\"173\" x2=\"181\" y2=\"173\"\/><line x1=\"288\" y1=\"191\" x2=\"221\" y2=\"191\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<line x1=\"288\" y1=\"338\" x2=\"204\" y2=\"338\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/g>\n\t\t\t\t\t<g fill=\"#6E6E6E\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<circle cx=\"148\" cy=\"48\" r=\"2.3\"\/><circle cx=\"122\" cy=\"128\" r=\"2.3\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<circle cx=\"131\" cy=\"236\" r=\"2.3\"\/><circle cx=\"126\" cy=\"430\" r=\"2.3\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<circle cx=\"184\" cy=\"82\" r=\"2.3\"\/><circle cx=\"236\" cy=\"118\" r=\"2.3\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<circle cx=\"178\" cy=\"173\" r=\"2.3\"\/><circle cx=\"218\" cy=\"191\" r=\"2.3\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<circle cx=\"201\" cy=\"338\" r=\"2.3\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/g>\n\t\t\t\t\t<text x=\"50\" y=\"52\" text-anchor=\"end\">HEAD<\/text>\n\t\t\t\t\t<text x=\"50\" y=\"132\" text-anchor=\"end\">CHEST<\/text>\n\t\t\t\t\t<text x=\"50\" y=\"240\" text-anchor=\"end\">PELVIS<\/text>\n\t\t\t\t\t<text x=\"50\" y=\"434\" text-anchor=\"end\">FEET<\/text>\n\t\t\t\t\t<text x=\"290\" y=\"86\">NECK<\/text>\n\t\t\t\t\t<text x=\"290\" y=\"122\">ARMS<\/text>\n\t\t\t\t\t<text x=\"290\" y=\"177\">SPINE<\/text>\n\t\t\t\t\t<text x=\"290\" y=\"195\">ABDOMEN<\/text>\n\t\t\t\t\t<text x=\"290\" y=\"342\">LEGS<\/text>\n\t\t\t\t<\/g>\n\n\t\t\t\t<g transform=\"translate(60,8)\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<ellipse data-zone=\"head\" class=\"tpv-zone\" cx=\"110\" cy=\"40\" rx=\"21\" ry=\"25\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<path data-zone=\"neck\" class=\"tpv-zone\" d=\"M99,62 C99,74 97,80 91,84 C97,87 103,88 110,88 C117,88 123,87 129,84 C123,80 121,74 121,62 Z\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<path data-zone=\"chest\" class=\"tpv-zone\" d=\"M91,84 C74,88 65,97 63,110 L63,152 L157,152 L157,110 C155,97 146,88 129,84 C123,86 117,88 110,88 C103,88 97,86 91,84 Z\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<path data-zone=\"abd\" class=\"tpv-zone\" d=\"M63,152 L157,152 C157,174 154,193 148,206 L72,206 C66,193 63,174 63,152 Z\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<path data-zone=\"pelvis\" class=\"tpv-zone\" d=\"M72,206 L148,206 L148,214 C148,229 143,242 136,251 L84,251 C77,242 72,229 72,214 Z\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<rect data-zone=\"spine\" class=\"tpv-zone\" x=\"104\" y=\"90\" width=\"12\" height=\"158\" rx=\"5\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<path data-zone=\"armL\" class=\"tpv-zone\" d=\"M63,106 C51,113 46,126 46,143 L48,194 C49,212 52,225 56,236 L69,232 C65,220 63,205 63,190 L63,140 C63,126 64,114 69,106 Z\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<path data-zone=\"armR\" class=\"tpv-zone\" d=\"M157,106 C169,113 174,126 174,143 L172,194 C171,212 168,225 164,236 L151,232 C155,220 157,205 157,190 L157,140 C157,126 156,114 151,106 Z\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<ellipse data-zone=\"armL\" class=\"tpv-zone\" cx=\"60\" cy=\"248\" rx=\"11\" ry=\"15\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<ellipse data-zone=\"armR\" class=\"tpv-zone\" cx=\"160\" cy=\"248\" rx=\"11\" ry=\"15\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<path data-zone=\"legL\" class=\"tpv-zone\" d=\"M84,251 C81,272 79,300 81,330 C82,360 85,388 89,410 L107,410 C105,384 104,352 105,323 C105,298 106,273 107,253 Z\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<path data-zone=\"legR\" class=\"tpv-zone\" d=\"M136,251 C139,272 141,300 139,330 C138,360 135,388 131,410 L113,410 C115,384 116,352 115,323 C115,298 114,273 113,253 Z\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<path data-zone=\"feet\" class=\"tpv-zone\" d=\"M87,410 L107,410 L107,426 C107,432 103,436 95,436 L74,436 C70,436 68,432 70,427 C73,420 80,414 87,410 Z\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<path data-zone=\"feet\" class=\"tpv-zone\" d=\"M133,410 L113,410 L113,426 C113,432 117,436 125,436 L146,436 C150,436 152,432 150,427 C147,420 140,414 133,410 Z\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/g>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"tpv-legend\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"l-low\">Moderate<\/span><span class=\"l-mid\">Serious<\/span><span class=\"l-high\">Critical<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"tpv-hint\">Hover or tap a body zone for common injuries<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"tpv-stats\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpv-stat\"><div class=\"num\" data-tpv=\"stat-g\">0<\/div><div class=\"lbl\">Average deceleration during impact<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpv-stat\"><div class=\"num\" data-tpv=\"stat-fall\">0<\/div><div class=\"lbl\" data-tpv=\"stat-fall-lbl\">Equivalent fall height<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpv-stat\"><div class=\"num\" data-tpv=\"stat-stop\">0<\/div><div class=\"lbl\">Distance a loaded semi needs to brake to a stop, dry road<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpv-stat\"><div class=\"num\" data-tpv=\"stat-risk\">0%<\/div><div class=\"lbl\">Modeled risk of fatal injury, car occupant<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"tpv-tip\" data-tpv=\"tip\" role=\"tooltip\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"tpv-right\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"tpv-diagram\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpv-diag-head\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpv-panel-h\">Crash geometry<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpv-crash-name\" data-tpv=\"heading\">Truck rear ends your car<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpv-diag-stage\" data-tpv=\"diagram\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"tpv-narrative\" data-tpv=\"narrative\"><\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"tpv-injuries\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tpv-panel-h\">Most common injuries in this crash type<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<ul data-tpv=\"injury-list\"><\/ul>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<!-- ===== HOW TO READ + THE SCIENCE ===== -->\n<section class=\"tpv-sec tpv-sec--alt\" id=\"how-to-read\">\n  <div class=\"tpv-wrap\">\n\n    <span class=\"tpv-kicker\">How to use this tool<\/span>\n    <h2>Reading the Visualizer<\/h2>\n    <div class=\"tpv-row\">\n      <div class=\"tpv-row-text\">\n        <p><strong>The figure maps the body of a person riding in the passenger vehicle, because in a collision between a large truck and a car, the car&#8217;s occupants take nearly all of the harm.<\/strong> When you pick a truck crash type, the zones most often injured in that crash light up. Gold means moderate injury risk; orange means serious; red means critical. Slide the speed up and watch the colors shift.<\/p>\n        <div class=\"tpv-callout\"><strong>A loaded rig outweighs your car by roughly twenty to one,<\/strong> so the deceleration your body experiences in a truck collision is far more violent than the same speed between two cars.<\/div>\n        <p>The four numbers under the figure translate the crash into terms you can feel, with that weight mismatch built into every one of them.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"tpv-row-media\">\n        <!-- To use a photo instead: delete the svg below and add <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/YOUR-IMAGE-URL\" alt=\"\"> -->\n        <svg viewBox=\"0 0 320 190\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Key showing how zone colors map to injury severity\">\n          <text x=\"18\" y=\"30\" font-family=\"Montserrat,sans-serif\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"11\" letter-spacing=\"2\" fill=\"#8F8F8F\">ZONE COLOR KEY<\/text>\n          <circle cx=\"34\" cy=\"62\" r=\"11\" fill=\"#F3B937\"\/>\n          <text x=\"56\" y=\"66\" font-family=\"Source Sans 3,sans-serif\" font-size=\"14\" fill=\"#E8E8E8\">Moderate injury risk<\/text>\n          <circle cx=\"34\" cy=\"98\" r=\"11\" fill=\"#F07E2D\"\/>\n          <text x=\"56\" y=\"102\" font-family=\"Source Sans 3,sans-serif\" font-size=\"14\" fill=\"#E8E8E8\">Serious injury risk<\/text>\n          <circle cx=\"34\" cy=\"134\" r=\"11\" fill=\"#E23A2E\"\/>\n          <text x=\"56\" y=\"138\" font-family=\"Source Sans 3,sans-serif\" font-size=\"14\" fill=\"#E8E8E8\">Critical injury risk<\/text>\n          <rect x=\"18\" y=\"160\" width=\"284\" height=\"8\" rx=\"4\" fill=\"url(#tpvKeyGrad)\"\/>\n          <defs><linearGradient id=\"tpvKeyGrad\" x1=\"0\" x2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" stop-color=\"#F3B937\"\/><stop offset=\".55\" stop-color=\"#F07E2D\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" stop-color=\"#E23A2E\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs>\n          <text x=\"18\" y=\"184\" font-family=\"Source Sans 3,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" fill=\"#8F8F8F\">10 mph<\/text>\n          <text x=\"302\" y=\"184\" text-anchor=\"end\" font-family=\"Source Sans 3,sans-serif\" font-size=\"11\" fill=\"#8F8F8F\">80 mph<\/text>\n        <\/svg>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <span class=\"tpv-kicker\">The science, in plain English<\/span>\n    <h2>Why Weight Changes Everything in a Truck Crash<\/h2>\n    <div class=\"tpv-row rev\">\n      <div class=\"tpv-row-text\">\n        <p>Two physics facts decide who gets hurt in a truck collision. The first is weight: a loaded tractor trailer can weigh <strong>80,000 pounds<\/strong>, about twenty times a passenger car, and when a heavy vehicle and a light one collide, the light one absorbs nearly all of the speed change. The second is geometry: a trailer&#8217;s floor sits at roughly hood height, so a car can slide beneath it and the windshield and roof, not the crumple zone, take the impact. That is underride, and it is why truck crashes turn fatal at speeds two cars would walk away from.<\/p>\n        <div class=\"tpv-callout\"><strong>When a heavy vehicle and a light one collide, the light one absorbs nearly all of the speed change.<\/strong> The physics never splits a truck crash evenly.<\/div>\n        <p>Is a pickup truck safer than a car in a crash? A heavier pickup does fare better against a car, but it still loses badly to an 80,000 pound rig. Mass only helps until something much heavier arrives.<\/p>\n        <p>Braking closes the loop. Counting driver reaction, a loaded semi at 65 mph can need around 525 feet to stop, nearly two football fields, so many truck crashes begin as ordinary slowdowns the big rig could not match. The same mass that needs all that room to stop is the mass that makes the crash so severe when it cannot.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"tpv-row-media\">\n        <!-- To use a photo instead: delete the svg below and add <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/YOUR-IMAGE-URL\" alt=\"\"> -->\n        <svg viewBox=\"0 0 320 210\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Chart comparing the weight of a passenger car with a loaded tractor trailer\">\n          <text x=\"18\" y=\"28\" font-family=\"Montserrat,sans-serif\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"11\" letter-spacing=\"2\" fill=\"#8F8F8F\">THE WEIGHT MISMATCH<\/text>\n          <text x=\"18\" y=\"62\" font-family=\"Source Sans 3,sans-serif\" font-size=\"13\" fill=\"#CFCFCF\">Passenger car<\/text>\n          <rect x=\"18\" y=\"70\" width=\"14\" height=\"16\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#8F8F8F\"\/>\n          <text x=\"42\" y=\"83\" font-family=\"Montserrat,sans-serif\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"13\" fill=\"#E8E8E8\">~4,000 lb<\/text>\n          <text x=\"18\" y=\"118\" font-family=\"Source Sans 3,sans-serif\" font-size=\"13\" fill=\"#CFCFCF\">Loaded tractor trailer<\/text>\n          <rect x=\"18\" y=\"126\" width=\"280\" height=\"16\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#F3B937\"\/>\n          <text x=\"18\" y=\"162\" font-family=\"Montserrat,sans-serif\" font-weight=\"800\" font-size=\"15\" fill=\"#F3B937\">80,000 lb ;  about 20x the mass<\/text>\n          <text x=\"18\" y=\"188\" font-family=\"Source Sans 3,sans-serif\" font-size=\"12\" fill=\"#8F8F8F\">In a collision, the lighter vehicle absorbs nearly all of the speed change.<\/text>\n        <\/svg>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <span class=\"tpv-kicker\">The physics, in more depth<\/span>\n    <h2>The Deeper Physics of a Truck Crash<\/h2>\n    <p>The physics of an 18 wheeler accident does not stop at the weight mismatch; here is what it does to a body, to a set of numbers, and to your odds of walking away.<\/p>\n\n    <h3>What happens to your body after a truck crash?<\/h3>\n    <p><strong>Delta v, the change in speed at impact, tears soft tissue and breaks bone.<\/strong> Your body keeps moving at the speed the car was going until the belt, the airbag, or the interior stops it in under a tenth of a second. The bigger the delta v, the deeper the damage.<\/p>\n    <p>What happens to your body after a car crash follows the same rule, but a truck crash pushes the delta v far higher because the rig barely slows. The organs feel it too: even behind an intact seatbelt, the abdominal organs keep moving and can bleed internally, which is one reason internal bleeding hides at the scene.<\/p>\n\n    <h3>What does a rear end truck hit do to your neck and spine?<\/h3>\n    <p><strong>At truck energies, whiplash becomes disc and ligament injury.<\/strong> A rear end hit from a rig drives your head and neck through a whip motion no car to car crash can match. The truck transfers nearly its full closing speed into your car, so the seat back and head restraint take energy they were never built to hold.<\/p>\n    <p>The seat back can fail rearward while your head snaps over the restraint, loading the cervical spine at its weakest point. What would bruise in a car crash instead tears the discs and ligaments of the neck, which is how a semi truck accident turns simple whiplash into a lasting injury.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"tpv-callout\">The legal side of a semi rear end is covered in our guide on <a href=\"https:\/\/severeinjurylawyers.com\/rear-ended-by-semi-truck-texas\/\">what to do after being rear ended by a semi in Texas<\/a>.<\/div>\n\n    <h3>A worked example: what 40 mph actually does to your body<\/h3>\n    <p>Set the tool to a truck rear end at 40 mph and watch what it reports. Because a loaded rig outweighs your car about twenty to one, the model gives your car roughly 95 percent of the speed change. Your body goes from a standstill to about 38 mph in a heartbeat.<\/p>\n    <p>The tool converts that into the energy of a fall from a five story building, delivered through only about half a meter of crush. Spread over so little distance, that is why an 18 wheeler wreck at a speed you would survive between two cars can still be fatal here.<\/p>\n\n    <h3>Impact speed versus delta v, and why the difference matters<\/h3>\n    <p><strong>Impact speed is how fast the vehicles were closing. Delta v is the change in speed your own body actually goes through, and it is what injury research ties outcomes to.<\/strong> The two numbers come apart in a truck crash.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"tpv-callout\"><strong>Between two similar cars, each takes about half the closing speed as its delta v.<\/strong> In a truck crash the car takes nearly all of it, because the loaded rig barely slows. A 40 mph closing speed becomes a 38 mph delta v for you, not 20.<\/div>\n    <p>That gap is the hidden reason a 40 mph truck crash injures far worse than a 40 mph crash between two cars. The speedometer reads the same; the number your body feels does not. Because the car takes such a high delta v, the speed at which every crash type turns fatal drops right along with it.<\/p>\n\n    <h3>The speeds where each truck crash turns fatal<\/h3>\n    <p><strong>Every crash type in this tool crosses the 50 percent fatality mark at a different modeled speed for a person in the car, and the order tells the whole story:<\/strong><\/p>\n    <ul>\n      <li><strong>Side underride:<\/strong> about 27 mph<\/li>\n      <li><strong>Truck t bones you:<\/strong> about 30 mph<\/li>\n      <li><strong>Rear underride:<\/strong> about 31 mph<\/li>\n      <li><strong>Head on:<\/strong> about 34 mph<\/li>\n      <li><strong>Truck rollover onto your car:<\/strong> about 38 mph<\/li>\n      <li><strong>Jackknife:<\/strong> about 42 mph<\/li>\n      <li><strong>Truck rear ends you:<\/strong> about 46 mph<\/li>\n      <li><strong>Lost cargo:<\/strong> about 48 mph<\/li>\n      <li><strong>Wide turn squeeze:<\/strong> about 50 mph<\/li>\n      <li><strong>Blind spot swipe:<\/strong> about 58 mph<\/li>\n    <\/ul>\n    <p>That a side underride can be fatal at ordinary city speeds, lower than any other semi accident in the list, is the entire case for side guards. The same ordering carries into the crash by crash body map: the types that turn fatal at the lowest speeds are the ones that strike the head and neck first.<\/p>\n\n    <h3>Why do truck crashes cause so many brain injuries?<\/h3>\n    <p><strong>Truck crashes cause so many brain injuries because the impact arrives at head height, so the head takes first contact.<\/strong> In an underride or a t bone, the striking structure enters at windshield and window height. The head meets solid steel first instead of last, after the bumper and airbags have done their work.<\/p>\n    <p>Even when nothing touches the skull, the deceleration itself throws the brain against the inside of the skull, bruising and tearing tissue. That double exposure, direct contact plus rapid deceleration, is why a truck wreck sends so many people to a trauma center with a brain injury.<\/p>\n\n    <h3>When your seatbelt and airbags simply cannot save you<\/h3>\n    <p><strong>Belts and airbags rest on two assumptions: the cabin stays intact, and the crash pulse stays inside the range they were designed for.<\/strong> A truck crash breaks both. When the cabin caves in, intrusion moves the wall to where the belt was meant to restrain you, and that protective geometry is gone.<\/p>\n    <p>In an underride, the car slides under the trailer and never touches the sensors that fire the airbags. Above the design pulse, the belt still holds your frame while your organs keep moving inside you. That is why guards, following distance, and a truck&#8217;s No Zones prevent more harm than any device inside your car.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"tpv-callout\">Past the design pulse, the chest strikes the belt itself, so the restraint becomes its own source of injury. Because the belt holds the body while the organs keep moving, internal bleeding can begin behind a seatbelt that never came undone.<\/div>\n\n    <h3>What rain, worn brakes, and a heavy load do to the numbers<\/h3>\n    <p><strong>The 525 foot stopping figure that makes a tractor trailer accident so hard to avoid assumes dry pavement and good brakes.<\/strong> On wet pavement, braking distance can grow sharply, because the tires have much less grip to work with. Worn or out of adjustment brakes are among the most cited violations in roadside inspections, and they stretch that distance further.<\/p>\n    <p>A heavier or shifted load raises both the stopping distance and the chance the big rig rolls or ends up jackknifed. Every one of these factors is in play before the driver ever touches the brakes.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"tpv-callout\">Every factor that stretches a truck&#8217;s stopping distance happens invisibly, before the crash.<\/div>\n\n    <h3>What is the deadliest state to drive in?<\/h3>\n    <p><strong>By deaths per mile driven the rural southern states lead, and by raw count Texas leads.<\/strong> Its long high speed rural highways are where a big rig crash turns fatal most often, because speed drives the delta v your body takes.<\/p>\n\n    <span class=\"tpv-kicker\">The injuries and after<\/span>\n    <h2>The Injuries and the Long Road Back<\/h2>\n    <p>The tool shows where a crash lands on the body. This is what those hits become: the injuries by name, why some pain comes late, and what getting better takes.<\/p>\n\n    <h3>The 10 common injuries a truck crash leaves behind<\/h3>\n    <p><strong>These are the ten injuries a truck crash produces most, named plainly and grouped by the part of the body they strike.<\/strong> Which ones you get is set by the shape of the crash, not by chance.<\/p>\n    <ul>\n      <li>Traumatic brain injury and concussion<\/li>\n      <li>Cervical spine and disc injury, from whiplash to a herniated disc<\/li>\n      <li>Spinal cord injury and the paralysis it can cause<\/li>\n      <li>Chest and rib fractures, with bruising of the lungs and heart<\/li>\n      <li>Abdominal organ injury, most often to the spleen and liver<\/li>\n      <li>Pelvic and hip fractures<\/li>\n      <li>Crushed or trapped arms and legs<\/li>\n      <li>Internal bleeding that is not visible at the scene<\/li>\n      <li>Lacerations and degloving from the glass and metal of an underride<\/li>\n      <li>Burns, a specific danger when a rig&#8217;s fuel tanks rupture<\/li>\n    <\/ul>\n    <p>Which injuries you get is set by the shape of the crash, the striking height and the line of force, not by chance.<\/p>\n\n    <h3>What is truckers syndrome?<\/h3>\n    <p><strong>Truckers syndrome is the delayed neck and back pain that shows up hours or days after a truck crash.<\/strong> At the scene, adrenaline masks the damage, so you feel fine. Once it fades, the soft tissue and disc injury from the violent deceleration finally registers.<\/p>\n    <p>It is why the person who felt fine at the scene wakes up the next morning unable to turn their head. The pain was there all along; the body just could not feel it yet.<\/p>\n\n    <h3>Do crash victims feel pain at the moment of impact?<\/h3>\n    <p><strong>Crash victims often do not feel pain at the moment of impact, because adrenaline blunts it and the pain arrives later.<\/strong> Adrenaline blunts pain during the crash and in the minutes right after, so the ache of whiplash and soft tissue damage tends to arrive hours later. That delay is the same one behind truckers syndrome.<\/p>\n\n    <h3>How long does your body stay in shock after a crash?<\/h3>\n    <p><strong>The adrenaline and acute stress response can mask pain for minutes to hours, and sometimes into the next day, which is why injuries surface late.<\/strong> The same adrenaline that delays pain also hides internal injury, so at the scene truckers syndrome and a hidden bleed can look alike.<\/p>\n\n    <h3>What recovery from a truck crash injury looks like<\/h3>\n    <p><strong>Recovery from a truck crash injury follows an arc.<\/strong> In the first hours, adrenaline masks the pain and the injury hides. In the first weeks, imaging finds what the scene missed, a herniated disc, a small brain bleed, or a hairline fracture.<\/p>\n    <p>Then comes the long tail: surgery, physical therapy, and lasting injury. The timeline depends on the crash. An underride head injury and a rollover spinal injury start from different damage and heal on different schedules, months of therapy for the brain, a life of limited movement. A child hurt in a truck crash carries that impact furthest, since a young spine or brain injury shapes the decades ahead.<\/p>\n\n    <h3>What is the number one cause of a truck crash?<\/h3>\n    <p><strong>Driver fatigue, distraction, and speed lead the causes of a semi truck accident, followed by brake and maintenance failures the inspection reports flag most.<\/strong> Nearly all of these trace back to the truck, not the car it hits. A tired driver who drifts, a rig that cannot stop in time, or a load that shifts is behind far more of these crashes than anything the other driver did.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"tpv-callout\"><strong>Federal research ties the critical reason to driver error in about 94 percent of crashes.<\/strong> The top three driver behaviors are distraction, speeding, and impairment, and each is worse with a truck&#8217;s mass and long stopping distance behind it. Because those causes trace to the truck, so does the claim, reaching the carrier and the company that put the rig on the road.<\/div>\n    <p>Read the wording with care: the critical reason is not the same as the cause or the fault. It names the last failure in the chain, not who pays. A driver error in the truck also lands its harm on the other vehicle, the occupant split this tool already shows, where nearly everyone killed rides in the passenger car.<\/p>\n\n    <div class=\"tpv-callout\"><strong>Questions that lead past the injury.<\/strong> Can you sue if a truck driver hits you? Yes. A truck claim reaches the carrier and the company behind the driver, not the driver alone, which is why a semi case is valued differently; see <a href=\"https:\/\/severeinjurylawyers.com\/average-truck-accident-lawsuit-value-in-texas\/\">what a Texas truck accident claim is worth<\/a>.<\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"tpv-callout\"><strong>What should you not say after a truck crash? Never guess at your speed, never guess at fault, and never say you feel fine before a doctor has checked you.<\/strong> Stick to the facts you are sure of; here is <a href=\"https:\/\/severeinjurylawyers.com\/dealing-with-insurance-companies-texas\/\">how to handle the insurance adjuster after a truck crash<\/a>. The hardest injury to prove is the soft tissue or brain injury that does not show on a scan, which is why delayed symptoms like truckers syndrome matter so much to a claim.<\/div>\n\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<!-- ===== COLLISION GUIDE ===== -->\n<section class=\"tpv-sec\" id=\"collision-guide\">\n  <div class=\"tpv-wrap\">\n\n    <span class=\"tpv-kicker\">Collision guide<\/span>\n    <h2>The Ten Truck Crash Types, Explained<\/h2>\n\n    <div class=\"tpv-row\">\n      <div class=\"tpv-row-text\">\n        <h3>A truck rear-ends your car<\/h3>\n        <p>The signature crash of a fatigued or distracted trucker meeting slowed traffic. The rig transfers nearly its full closing speed into your car in a fraction of a second, overwhelming seat backs and head restraints. Because a truck&#8217;s bumper sits high, the impact often arrives above your car&#8217;s strongest structure and can override the trunk toward the rear seats. The braking gap is what sets up this crash type, the rig meeting traffic it cannot stop for in time.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"tpv-row-media\" data-scene=\"trear\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"tpv-row rev\">\n      <div class=\"tpv-row-text\">\n        <h3>Head on with a truck<\/h3>\n        <p>Among the least survivable crashes on the road. The two vehicles&#8217; speeds combine, and the twenty to one weight mismatch means the car does almost all of the stopping for both. Cabin intrusion consumes the crumple zone, driving severe chest, brain, and leg injuries even in modern vehicles with every airbag deployed.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"tpv-row-media\" data-scene=\"head\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"tpv-row\">\n      <div class=\"tpv-row-text\">\n        <h3>Side underride<\/h3>\n        <p>A trailer crosses the road at night or pulls out of a driveway, and a car strikes it broadside. The trailer floor sits at hood height, so the car can pass beneath it until the windshield and A pillars take the impact. Airbags and crumple zones never engage. This is the crash side underride guards are designed to prevent, and they are still not required in the United States.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"tpv-row-media\" data-scene=\"sideu\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"tpv-row rev\">\n      <div class=\"tpv-row-text\">\n        <h3>Rear underride<\/h3>\n        <p>Traffic stops, a car does not, and the trailer&#8217;s rear edge meets the windshield. Federal rules require a rear underride guard on most trailers precisely because of this crash, and a strong, well maintained guard can catch the car&#8217;s bumper and let its safety systems work. A weak, rusted, or damaged guard folds, and the outcome changes completely.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"tpv-row-media\" data-scene=\"rearu\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"tpv-row\">\n      <div class=\"tpv-row-text\">\n        <h3>Jackknife and trailer sweep<\/h3>\n        <p>Hard braking or lost traction lets the trailer swing out of line with the tractor, folding like a pocket knife. A jackknifing trailer can sweep across several lanes in seconds, striking vehicles broadside, forcing some beneath it, and setting up chain reaction pileups in the traffic behind. Injuries mix side impact and underride patterns.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"tpv-row-media\" data-scene=\"jack\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"tpv-row rev\">\n      <div class=\"tpv-row-text\">\n        <h3>A truck T-bones your car<\/h3>\n        <p>An intersection crash with a rig is unlike a car to car T bone. A truck&#8217;s bumper and frame ride above a car&#8217;s door sill and side beam, so the impact arrives at seat and window height, where a car has the least structure. Head, chest, pelvic, and internal injuries dominate on the struck side, at speeds a frontal crash would forgive.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"tpv-row-media\" data-scene=\"tbone\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"tpv-row\">\n      <div class=\"tpv-row-text\">\n        <h3>Wide turn squeeze<\/h3>\n        <p>Truckers sometimes swing left before a tight right turn, and the trailer&#8217;s rear wheels track far inside the tractor&#8217;s path. A car that enters the gap can be caught between the turning trailer and the curb, crushed, or dragged. These crashes happen at low speed, which makes them survivable more often, but arm, chest, and head injuries on the trapped side are common. Together with the truck t bone, this is the crash that crushes the limbs and the pelvis.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"tpv-row-media\" data-scene=\"squeeze\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"tpv-row rev\">\n      <div class=\"tpv-row-text\">\n        <h3>Truck rollover onto your vehicle<\/h3>\n        <p>Shifted cargo, a high curb, or a ramp taken too fast can tip a trailer over. When 80,000 pounds comes down on the car beside it, the roof takes a load it was never designed for. Head, neck, and spine injuries dominate, and the outcome depends heavily on which seats were beneath the trailer. This is the crash type that most often produces a spinal cord injury and the paralysis that can follow.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"tpv-row-media\" data-scene=\"troll\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"tpv-row\">\n      <div class=\"tpv-row-text\">\n        <h3>Blind spot sideswipe<\/h3>\n        <p>A rig&#8217;s blind spots can hide an entire car down each side. When a truck merges into an occupied lane, the swipe itself is often minor; the loss of control that follows is not. Many of the serious injuries in these crashes come from the secondary impact with a barrier, a ditch, or other traffic.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"tpv-row-media\" data-scene=\"blind\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"tpv-row rev\">\n      <div class=\"tpv-row-text\">\n        <h3>Lost cargo and road debris<\/h3>\n        <p>Federal cargo securement rules exist because loads come loose. A tire carcass, a strap-failed pallet, or shifting freight turns the lane behind a truck into an obstacle course, and a heavy object at highway speed behaves like a fixed barrier no crash test anticipated. Injuries split between the strike itself, often at windshield height, and the emergency swerve that follows.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"tpv-row-media\" data-scene=\"cargo\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <span class=\"tpv-kicker\">The rule that decides an underride crash<\/span>\n    <h3>The law on underride guards, and the gap that still kills<\/h3>\n    <p><strong>Underride guard regulation is the single rule that decides whether an underride crash is survivable, and it is only half written.<\/strong> Federal law treats the two ends of a trailer very differently.<\/p>\n    <ul>\n      <li><strong>Rear guards are required.<\/strong> Federal rule 49 CFR 393.86 mandates a rear impact guard on most trailers, and a 2022 upgrade strengthened the standard to protect car occupants in a 35 mph rear underride. A strong, well maintained guard catches the bumper and lets the airbags fire.<\/li>\n      <li><strong>Side guards are not.<\/strong> No federal rule requires a side underride guard, so a trailer crossing the road broadside offers a car nothing to hit but open space until the windshield.<\/li>\n    <\/ul>\n    <div class=\"tpv-callout\"><strong>Congress has proposed a side guard mandate again and again, most recently as the Stop Underrides Act, and it has never passed.<\/strong> That open gap in the regulation is why side underride stays one of the deadliest crashes on the road.<\/div>\n\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<!-- ===== INJURY MAP (static text of the tool's data) ===== -->\n<section class=\"tpv-sec tpv-sec--alt\" id=\"injury-map\">\n  <div class=\"tpv-wrap\">\n\n    <span class=\"tpv-kicker\">The tool in plain text<\/span>\n    <h2>Where a Truck Crash Strikes the Body, Crash by Crash<\/h2>\n    <p>The visualizer lights up different body zones for each truck crash type. Here is that same mapping written out, so you can read where each crash lands without touching the tool.<\/p>\n    <ul>\n      <li><strong>Truck rear ends you:<\/strong> neck, spine, and head.<\/li>\n      <li><strong>Head on:<\/strong> chest, head, legs, and pelvis.<\/li>\n      <li><strong>Side underride:<\/strong> head, neck, and chest, at window height.<\/li>\n      <li><strong>Rear underride:<\/strong> head, neck, and chest.<\/li>\n      <li><strong>Jackknife:<\/strong> the side of the body, the head, and the chest.<\/li>\n      <li><strong>Truck t bones you:<\/strong> head, chest, and pelvis on the struck side.<\/li>\n      <li><strong>Wide turn squeeze:<\/strong> arms, chest, and the trapped side.<\/li>\n      <li><strong>Rollover:<\/strong> head, neck, and spine.<\/li>\n      <li><strong>Blind spot swipe:<\/strong> it varies, since most harm comes from the secondary impact.<\/li>\n      <li><strong>Lost cargo:<\/strong> head and chest, at windshield height.<\/li>\n    <\/ul>\n\n    <h3>Why the seat you are in changes everything<\/h3>\n    <p><strong>Where you sit and which side the truck strikes decide how bad your injuries are, as much as the speed does.<\/strong> A side impact or side underride punishes the struck side occupant most.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"tpv-callout\"><strong>The struck side takes the direct hit; the far side gets a fraction of a second and the width of the car as protection.<\/strong> A driver hit on the driver side and a passenger hit on the passenger side face far worse odds than the person on the opposite side of the same crash.<\/div>\n    <p>Front seat and rear seat differ too. The front takes the brunt of a head on or a rear underride, while a child in the back is safer from those but just as exposed in a side hit. The tool models a typical front seat adult, so read the struck side as your side.<\/p>\n\n    <h3>Which truck crash causes which injury<\/h3>\n    <p><strong>Each named injury traces back to the crash geometry that most often produces it.<\/strong><\/p>\n    <ul>\n      <li><strong>Traumatic brain injury:<\/strong> underride, rollover, and lost cargo, the crashes that strike at window or windshield height.<\/li>\n      <li><strong>Cervical spine and disc injury:<\/strong> a rear end hit from the rig.<\/li>\n      <li><strong>Spinal cord injury and paralysis:<\/strong> rollover and severe underride.<\/li>\n      <li><strong>Chest and rib fractures:<\/strong> head on and t bone.<\/li>\n      <li><strong>Abdominal organ injury:<\/strong> t bone and side impact.<\/li>\n      <li><strong>Pelvic and hip fractures:<\/strong> t bone and head on.<\/li>\n      <li><strong>Crushed or trapped limbs:<\/strong> wide turn squeeze and t bone.<\/li>\n      <li><strong>Internal bleeding:<\/strong> any high delta v crash, and it is often masked at first.<\/li>\n    <\/ul>\n\n    <h3>What are the 7 types of injuries?<\/h3>\n    <p><strong>A truck crash produces seven categories of injury:<\/strong><\/p>\n    <ul>\n      <li><strong>Brain:<\/strong> concussion and traumatic brain injury.<\/li>\n      <li><strong>Spinal:<\/strong> the neck, the back, and the spinal cord.<\/li>\n      <li><strong>Chest and organ:<\/strong> rib fractures with bruising of the lungs and heart.<\/li>\n      <li><strong>Abdominal:<\/strong> the spleen, liver, and kidneys.<\/li>\n      <li><strong>Pelvic:<\/strong> the hip and pelvis.<\/li>\n      <li><strong>Limb and orthopedic:<\/strong> crushed or broken arms and legs.<\/li>\n      <li><strong>Soft tissue:<\/strong> the whiplash and strain that surface late.<\/li>\n    <\/ul>\n    <p>These seven categories are the same regions the crash by crash body map lights up; a category is just the injury a struck zone produces. Which one you get traces back to where the truck hits and how much delta v the car takes.<\/p>\n\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<!-- ===== FAQ ===== -->\n<section class=\"tpv-sec tpv-sec--feature\" id=\"faq\">\n  <div class=\"tpv-wrap\">\n    <div class=\"tpv-two tpv-two--faq\">\n      <div class=\"tpv-faq-intro\">\n        <span class=\"tpv-kicker\">Common questions<\/span>\n        <h2>Truck Crash Injury Questions, Answered<\/h2>\n        <p>Straight answers to the questions people search after a truck accident. Each one starts with the direct answer, then the research behind it.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"tpv-faq\">\n        <details>\n          <summary>Why are truck accidents so much worse than car accidents?<\/summary>\n          <div class=\"a\">Weight. A loaded tractor trailer can weigh 80,000 pounds, roughly 20 times a passenger car, so in a collision the car absorbs nearly all of the speed change. Federal crash data shows that when a large truck and a passenger vehicle collide, the people killed are overwhelmingly in the passenger vehicle.<\/div>\n        <\/details>\n        <details>\n          <summary>What is an underride accident?<\/summary>\n          <div class=\"a\">An underride crash is one where a car slides beneath the body of a trailer, which sits at about hood height. The car&#8217;s bumper, crumple zone, and airbag sensors pass underneath untouched, and the first structure to take the impact is the windshield and roof. Underride crashes are the deadliest geometry in trucking.<\/div>\n        <\/details>\n        <details>\n          <summary>At what speed can a truck crash kill you?<\/summary>\n          <div class=\"a\">Lower than almost any other crash type. Because the passenger vehicle absorbs nearly all of the energy, fatal outcomes in truck collisions occur at speeds that would often be survivable between two cars, and underride crashes can be fatal at city street speeds. There is no safe speed to collide with an 80,000 pound vehicle.<\/div>\n        <\/details>\n        <details>\n          <summary>How much longer does a semi take to stop than a car?<\/summary>\n          <div class=\"a\">Counting driver reaction, a fully loaded semi at 65 mph can need around 525 feet to come to a stop, nearly the length of two football fields and roughly two thirds more than a passenger car. Worn brakes, wet roads, and heavier loads stretch that distance further, which is why following distance around trucks matters so much.<\/div>\n        <\/details>\n        <details>\n          <summary>What is a jackknife accident?<\/summary>\n          <div class=\"a\">A jackknife happens when the trailer swings out of line with the tractor, folding like a pocket knife, usually after hard braking or a loss of traction. The sliding trailer can sweep across several lanes, striking vehicles broadside and forcing some beneath it.<\/div>\n        <\/details>\n        <details>\n          <summary>Do underride guards actually work?<\/summary>\n          <div class=\"a\">Strong ones do. Federal rules require rear impact guards on most trailers, and the standard was upgraded in 2022 to protect car occupants in 35 mph rear underride crashes. Side underride guards are not required in the United States, though Congress has repeatedly proposed a mandate, which is why side underride remains a persistent cause of death.<\/div>\n        <\/details>\n        <details>\n          <summary>Who usually gets hurt in a truck crash?<\/summary>\n          <div class=\"a\">Occupants of the other vehicle. Federal crash data shows that 96 to 97 percent of vehicle occupants killed in recent years in two vehicle crashes between a large truck and a passenger vehicle were in the passenger vehicle. The truck driver, sitting high off the ground and surrounded by mass, usually survives.<\/div>\n        <\/details>\n        <details>\n          <summary>How is the fatality risk in this tool calculated?<\/summary>\n          <div class=\"a\">The risk figures are modeled estimates shaped from federal large truck crash research, adjusted for the geometry of each crash type and the weight mismatch between a loaded truck and a passenger car. They are educational estimates for a typical adult in the passenger vehicle, not predictions for any specific crash or person.<\/div>\n        <\/details>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<!-- ===== RELATED RESOURCES + PRACTICE AREAS ===== -->\n<section class=\"tpv-sec\" id=\"resources\">\n  <div class=\"tpv-wrap\">\n    <span class=\"tpv-kicker\">Keep exploring<\/span>\n    <h2>Related Educational Resources<\/h2>\n    <p style=\"max-width:740px\">The visualizer shows what a truck collision does to the body. These free tools and guides cover what comes next, from the first hour after a crash to understanding what a claim is actually worth.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"tpv-two\">\n      <div class=\"tpv-src-card\">\n        <div class=\"tpv-src-h\">Free tools &amp; guides<\/div>\n        <ul class=\"tpv-sources\">\n          <li><a href=\"https:\/\/severeinjurylawyers.com\/crash-injury-visualizer\/\">Car Crash Injury Visualizer<\/a>: the companion tool covering car-to-car collision physics<\/li>\n          <li><a href=\"https:\/\/severeinjurylawyers.com\/average-truck-accident-lawsuit-value-in-texas\/\">Average truck accident lawsuit value in Texas<\/a>: why truck cases are valued differently than car cases<\/li>\n          <li><a href=\"https:\/\/severeinjurylawyers.com\/what-to-do-after-a-car-accident-in-texas\/\">What to do after a crash in Texas<\/a>: the step by step guide for the first hours and days<\/li>\n          <li><a href=\"https:\/\/severeinjurylawyers.com\/dealing-with-insurance-companies-texas\/\">Dealing with insurance companies in Texas<\/a>: what adjusters look for and how to protect your claim<\/li>\n          <li><a href=\"https:\/\/severeinjurylawyers.com\/tools\/texas-settlement-offer-analyzer\/\">Texas Settlement Offer Analyzer<\/a>: check whether an offer accounts for everything it should<\/li>\n          <li><a href=\"https:\/\/severeinjurylawyers.com\/texas-crash-report-decoder\/\">Texas Crash Report Decoder<\/a>: translate every code on your CR-3 crash report<\/li>\n          <li><a href=\"https:\/\/severeinjurylawyers.com\/tools\/pain-journal\/\">Pain Journal<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/severeinjurylawyers.com\/tools\/accident-voice-recorder\/\">Accident Voice Recorder<\/a>: document injuries and evidence, plus <a href=\"https:\/\/severeinjurylawyers.com\/tools\/\">all free tools<\/a><\/li>\n        <\/ul>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"tpv-src-card\">\n        <div class=\"tpv-src-h\">Truck accident help where you are<\/div>\n        <ul class=\"tpv-sources\">\n          <li><a href=\"https:\/\/severeinjurylawyers.com\/practice-areas\/truck-accident-lawyers\/\">Texas truck accident lawyers<\/a>: how the firm handles 18-wheeler cases statewide<\/li>\n          <li><a href=\"https:\/\/severeinjurylawyers.com\/practice-areas\/truck-accident-lawyers\/dallas\/\">Dallas truck accident lawyers<\/a>: I-35E, I-635, and the I-30 corridor<\/li>\n          <li><a href=\"https:\/\/severeinjurylawyers.com\/practice-areas\/truck-accident-lawyers\/fort-worth\/\">Fort Worth truck accident lawyers<\/a>: I-20, I-35W, and the Alliance freight corridor<\/li>\n          <li><a href=\"https:\/\/severeinjurylawyers.com\/practice-areas\/truck-accident-lawyers\/houston\/\">Houston truck accident lawyers<\/a>: port traffic and the I-10 and I-45 truck routes<\/li>\n          <li><a href=\"https:\/\/severeinjurylawyers.com\/practice-areas\/truck-accident-lawyers\/san-antonio\/\">San Antonio truck accident lawyers<\/a>: I-35 and Loop 410 commercial traffic<\/li>\n          <li><a href=\"https:\/\/severeinjurylawyers.com\/canton-truck-accident-lawyers\/\">Canton truck accident lawyers<\/a>: I-20 wrecks and the Trade Days rush<\/li>\n          <li><a href=\"https:\/\/severeinjurylawyers.com\/practice-areas\/texas-traumatic-brain-injury-lawyers\/\">Texas traumatic brain injury lawyers<\/a>: the injury this tool shows most often in truck crashes<\/li>\n          <li><a href=\"https:\/\/severeinjurylawyers.com\/practice-areas\/\">All practice areas<\/a><\/li>\n        <\/ul>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<!-- ===== METHODOLOGY + PUBLISHER EMBED ===== -->\n<section class=\"tpv-sec tpv-sec--alt\" id=\"methodology\">\n  <div class=\"tpv-wrap\">\n\n    <div class=\"tpv-two\">\n      <div>\n        <span class=\"tpv-kicker\">Transparency<\/span>\n        <h2>Methodology and Sources<\/h2>\n        <p style=\"margin:0\">Peak deceleration and fall height come from the car&#8217;s speed change, weighted for the twenty to one truck-car mass mismatch. Underride types use very small crush distances, since the crumple zone is bypassed, and show the lower body spared because injury concentrates above the beltline. Semi braking assumes about 0.35 g on a dry road, excluding reaction time. Rollover risk reflects crushing load and stays elevated at low speed; blind spot risk includes the secondary collisions that follow. All figures are educational estimates for a typical adult in the car, not predictions.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"tpv-src-card\">\n        <div class=\"tpv-src-h\">Data sources<\/div>\n        <ul class=\"tpv-sources\">\n          <li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fmcsa.dot.gov\/safety\/data-and-statistics\/large-truck-and-bus-crash-facts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration; Large Truck and Bus Crash Facts<\/a><\/li>\n          <li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nhtsa.gov\/research\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; crash injury and occupant protection research<\/a><\/li>\n          <li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iihs.org\/topics\/large-trucks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Insurance Institute for Highway Safety; large truck crash and underride guard research<\/a><\/li>\n          <li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ntsb.gov\/safety\/safety-studies\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Transportation Safety Board; highway safety studies and underride investigations<\/a><\/li>\n        <\/ul>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <span class=\"tpv-kicker\">For publishers<\/span>\n    <h2>Embed or Reference This Tool<\/h2>\n    <p>Journalists, educators, and safety organizations are welcome to reference the figures above or embed the tool, free, with attribution and a link back to this page.<\/p>\n\n    <figure class=\"tpv-infographic\">\n      <a class=\"tpv-infographic-frame\" href=\"https:\/\/severeinjurylawyers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/truck-crash-infographic.png\" data-tpv-lightbox\n         aria-label=\"View the full size truck accident statistics infographic\">\n        <img src=\"https:\/\/severeinjurylawyers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/truck-crash-infographic.png\"\n             width=\"1080\" height=\"2170\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\"\n             alt=\"Infographic: truck crash physics by the numbers, from the 20 to 1 weight mismatch to modeled fatality risk by crash type\">\n        <span class=\"expand\" aria-hidden=\"true\">CLICK TO ENLARGE<\/span>\n      <\/a>\n      <figcaption>Truck accident statistics infographic: weight mismatch, stopping distance, fatality distribution, underride, and modeled risk by crash type. Sources: FMCSA, NHTSA, IIHS, NTSB.<\/figcaption>\n      <p class=\"tpv-infographic-dl\">Download: <a href=\"https:\/\/severeinjurylawyers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/truck-crash-infographic.png\" download>full size PNG<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/severeinjurylawyers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/truck-crash-infographic.pdf\" download>print PDF<\/a>: free to republish with attribution and a link to this page.<\/p>\n    <\/figure>\n\n    <div class=\"tpv-embed\">\n      <textarea readonly>&lt;iframe src=&#8221;https:\/\/severeinjurylawyers.com\/truck-crash-injury-visualizer\/&#8221; width=&#8221;100%&#8221; height=&#8221;900&#8243; style=&#8221;border:0&#8243; title=&#8221;Truck Crash Physics and Injury Visualizer&#8221;&gt;&lt;\/iframe&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Source: &lt;a href=&#8221;https:\/\/severeinjurylawyers.com\/truck-crash-injury-visualizer\/&#8221;&gt;J. Alexander Law Firm Truck Crash Injury Visualizer&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;<\/textarea>\n      <button type=\"button\" class=\"tpv-copy\">Copy embed code<\/button>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <p class=\"tpv-attrib\">Created by <a href=\"https:\/\/severeinjurylawyers.com\/\" rel=\"noopener\">J. Alexander Law Firm<\/a>, a personal injury firm whose <a href=\"https:\/\/severeinjurylawyers.com\/practice-areas\/truck-accident-lawyers\/\">truck accident lawyers<\/a> have spent years studying how these crashes injure people. This page is educational and is not legal or medical advice.<\/p>\n\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<\/main>\n<\/div>\n<script>\n\/* JCA Truck Crash Physics & Injury Visualizer *\/\n(function () {\n  \"use strict\";\n\n  var MPH_TO_MS = 0.44704, G = 9.81;\n  var reduceMotion = window.matchMedia(\"(prefers-reduced-motion: reduce)\").matches;\n\n  var ZONE_LABELS = { head: \"Head\", neck: \"Neck\", chest: \"Chest\", abd: \"Abdomen\", pelvis: \"Pelvis\", spine: \"Spine\", armL: \"Left arm & hand\", armR: \"Right arm & hand\", legL: \"Left leg\", legR: \"Right leg\", feet: \"Feet & ankles\" };\n\n  function logistic(mph, mid, k) { return Math.min(0.99, 1 \/ (1 + Math.exp(-(mph - mid) \/ k))); }\n\n  \/* Each crash type carries:\n     crush = effective crush distance in meters for the g estimate\n     dv    = modeled delta-V factor (share of impact speed the car's\n             occupants experience, reflecting the ~20:1 weight mismatch)\n     narratives take (mph, fmt) so each instance formats with its own units *\/\n  var CRASH = {\n    trear: {\n      label: \"Truck rear ends your car\", crush: 0.6, dv: 0.95,\n      zones: { neck: 1.0, head: 0.9, spine: 0.85, chest: 0.5, legL: 0.4, legR: 0.4, armL: 0.35, armR: 0.35, feet: 0.3, pelvis: 0.3, abd: 0.25 },\n      injuries: [\n        { t: \"Severe whiplash and cervical spine injury\", z: [\"neck\"], zl: \"Neck\" },\n        { t: \"Traumatic brain injury from the violent head snap or rear intrusion\", z: [\"head\"], zl: \"Head\" },\n        { t: \"Thoracic and lumbar spine fractures\", z: [\"spine\"], zl: \"Spine\" },\n        { t: \"Seat back failure driving occupants rearward\", z: [\"spine\", \"neck\"], zl: \"Spine & neck\" },\n        { t: \"Chest injury against the belt as the car is launched forward\", z: [\"chest\"], zl: \"Chest\" },\n        { t: \"Knee and leg injury as the car is shoved into traffic ahead\", z: [\"legL\", \"legR\"], zl: \"Legs\" },\n        { t: \"Ankle and foot injury from the braking leg\", z: [\"feet\"], zl: \"Feet\" }\n      ],\n      narrative: function (mph, fmt) {\n        var s = fmt(mph);\n        if (mph < 25) return \"At \" + s + \", a truck's mass turns a routine rear end tap into a serious event. Even a slow moving rig outweighs your car roughly twenty to one, so your vehicle takes nearly all of the speed change, and the truck's tall, stiff front can ride over a low trunk.\";\n        if (mph < 45) return \"At \" + s + \", an 80,000 pound rig transfers almost the entire closing speed into your car in a fraction of a second. Seat backs and head restraints are pushed past their limits, and the truck's bumper height means the energy often arrives above your car's strongest structure.\";\n        return \"At \" + s + \", a truck striking from behind can override the trunk entirely and reach the rear seats. This is one of the deadliest rear end scenarios on the highway, and it is the signature crash of a fatigued or distracted trucker meeting slowed traffic.\";\n      },\n      risk: function (mph) { return logistic(mph, 46, 8); }\n    },\n    head: {\n      label: \"Head on with a truck\", crush: 0.5, dv: 1.5,\n      zones: { chest: 1.0, head: 0.95, legL: 0.85, legR: 0.85, feet: 0.8, abd: 0.65, neck: 0.6, armL: 0.6, armR: 0.6, pelvis: 0.55, spine: 0.5 },\n      injuries: [\n        { t: \"Chest trauma from belt, airbag, and intruding structure\", z: [\"chest\"], zl: \"Chest\" },\n        { t: \"Traumatic brain injury\", z: [\"head\"], zl: \"Head\" },\n        { t: \"Femur, knee, and lower leg fractures against the collapsing footwell\", z: [\"legL\", \"legR\"], zl: \"Legs\" },\n        { t: \"Foot and ankle crush injuries\", z: [\"feet\"], zl: \"Feet\" },\n        { t: \"Internal organ injury from abrupt deceleration\", z: [\"abd\"], zl: \"Abdomen\" },\n        { t: \"Forearm and wrist fractures from bracing on the wheel\", z: [\"armL\", \"armR\"], zl: \"Arms\" }\n      ],\n      narrative: function (mph, fmt) {\n        var s = fmt(mph);\n        if (mph < 25) return \"Even at \" + s + \", a head on impact with a truck behaves like a much faster crash. The rig barely slows; your car does almost all of the stopping for both vehicles. Belted occupants can survive this range, but chest and leg injuries are common.\";\n        if (mph < 45) return \"At \" + s + \", the mass mismatch dominates. Your car absorbs nearly the entire combined closing speed while the truck's cab barely moves, and cabin intrusion begins to defeat the crumple zone, driving footwell and dash injuries.\";\n        return \"At \" + s + \", a head on collision with a loaded truck is among the least survivable crashes in existence. The passenger vehicle takes almost all of the energy of both vehicles, and the front structure is consumed long before the forces fall to a survivable level.\";\n      },\n      risk: function (mph) { return logistic(mph, 34, 7); }\n    },\n    sideu: {\n      label: \"Side underride\", crush: 0.12, dv: 1.0,\n      zones: { head: 1.0, neck: 0.95, chest: 0.8, spine: 0.6, armL: 0.55, armR: 0.55, abd: 0.45 },\n      injuries: [\n        { t: \"Catastrophic head injury as the trailer enters at windshield height\", z: [\"head\"], zl: \"Head\" },\n        { t: \"Cervical spine fracture and fatal neck injury\", z: [\"neck\"], zl: \"Neck\" },\n        { t: \"Chest crush from roof and header collapse\", z: [\"chest\"], zl: \"Chest\" },\n        { t: \"Shoulder and arm trauma from intruding structure\", z: [\"armL\", \"armR\"], zl: \"Arms\" },\n        { t: \"Spinal injury from roof shear\", z: [\"spine\"], zl: \"Spine\" }\n      ],\n      narrative: function (mph, fmt) {\n        var s = fmt(mph);\n        if (mph < 25) return \"At \" + s + \", striking the side of a trailer is already unlike any car to car crash. The trailer floor sits at hood height, so your bumper and crumple zone can pass underneath and the windshield meets the trailer first.\";\n        if (mph < 45) return \"At \" + s + \", the car can slide beneath the trailer until the A pillars and roof take the impact. Airbags and crumple zones never engage, because nothing at bumper height was ever touched. Head and neck injuries in this range are frequently fatal.\";\n        return \"At \" + s + \", a side underride shears the roof structure at windshield height. This is the deadliest geometry in trucking, the crash side underride guards are designed to prevent, and survival is largely a matter of where in the vehicle you were seated.\";\n      },\n      risk: function (mph) { return logistic(mph, 27, 6); }\n    },\n    rearu: {\n      label: \"Rear underride\", crush: 0.15, dv: 1.0,\n      zones: { head: 1.0, neck: 0.9, chest: 0.7, spine: 0.55, armL: 0.5, armR: 0.5, legL: 0.4, legR: 0.4, feet: 0.35, abd: 0.35 },\n      injuries: [\n        { t: \"Severe head trauma as the trailer edge meets the windshield\", z: [\"head\"], zl: \"Head\" },\n        { t: \"Knee and lower leg injury against the dash when the guard partially engages\", z: [\"legL\", \"legR\", \"feet\"], zl: \"Legs &#038; feet\" },\n        { t: \"Cervical spine injury\", z: [\"neck\"], zl: \"Neck\" },\n        { t: \"Chest crush from roof and header collapse\", z: [\"chest\"], zl: \"Chest\" },\n        { t: \"Arm fractures from intruding structure\", z: [\"armL\", \"armR\"], zl: \"Arms\" },\n        { t: \"Spinal injury from roof shear\", z: [\"spine\"], zl: \"Spine\" }\n      ],\n      narrative: function (mph, fmt) {\n        var s = fmt(mph);\n        if (mph < 25) return \"At \" + s + \", a strong, well maintained rear underride guard should catch your bumper and let your car's crumple zone work. When the guard is weak, rusted, or missing, even a low speed impact can put the trailer's steel edge at windshield height.\";\n        if (mph < 45) return \"At \" + s + \", an underride guard failure lets the car wedge beneath the trailer, and the first structure to take the load is the windshield header. This is the crash federal rear guard rules exist to prevent, and guard strength decides the outcome.\";\n        return \"At \" + s + \", a failed rear guard means the trailer bed enters the cabin at head height with almost nothing slowing it. Passenger compartment intrusion at this speed is catastrophic no matter how modern the car is.\";\n      },\n      risk: function (mph) { return logistic(mph, 31, 6.5); }\n    },\n    jack: {\n      label: \"Jackknife \/ trailer sweep\", crush: 0.35, dv: 0.9,\n      zones: { head: 0.8, chest: 0.75, pelvis: 0.6, neck: 0.6, armL: 0.6, armR: 0.6, abd: 0.55, legL: 0.5, legR: 0.5, spine: 0.5, feet: 0.4 },\n      injuries: [\n        { t: \"Head injury from side structure or secondary impacts\", z: [\"head\"], zl: \"Head\" },\n        { t: \"Rib fractures and lung injury on the struck side\", z: [\"chest\"], zl: \"Chest\" },\n        { t: \"Pelvic and hip fractures from door intrusion\", z: [\"pelvis\"], zl: \"Pelvis\" },\n        { t: \"Internal organ injury\", z: [\"abd\"], zl: \"Abdomen\" },\n        { t: \"Shoulder and arm fractures\", z: [\"armL\", \"armR\"], zl: \"Arms\" },\n        { t: \"Leg entrapment as vehicles wedge under the trailer\", z: [\"legL\", \"legR\", \"feet\"], zl: \"Legs &#038; feet\" }\n      ],\n      narrative: function (mph, fmt) {\n        var s = fmt(mph);\n        if (mph < 25) return \"At \" + s + \", a jackknifing trailer moves slowly enough that alert drivers can often avoid it, but a trailer sliding across lanes still presents a wall of steel to anyone alongside it.\";\n        if (mph < 45) return \"At \" + s + \", a jackknifed trailer sweeps across multiple lanes in seconds. Vehicles alongside are struck broadside or forced beneath the trailer, and pileups behind the rig are common. Injuries mix side impact and underride patterns.\";\n        return \"At \" + s + \", a jackknife at highway speed gives surrounding drivers almost no time to react. The trailer can sweep several vehicles at once, and secondary collisions from following traffic multiply the harm.\";\n      },\n      risk: function (mph) { return logistic(mph, 42, 9); }\n    },\n    tbone: {\n      label: \"Truck T-bones your car\", crush: 0.2, dv: 0.95,\n      zones: { head: 0.95, chest: 0.9, pelvis: 0.85, abd: 0.7, neck: 0.6, armL: 0.6, legL: 0.5, spine: 0.4, armR: 0.35, legR: 0.3, feet: 0.3 },\n      injuries: [\n        { t: \"Head strike from intrusion arriving at window height\", z: [\"head\"], zl: \"Head\" },\n        { t: \"Rib fractures and lung injury on the struck side\", z: [\"chest\"], zl: \"Chest\" },\n        { t: \"Pelvic and hip fractures\", z: [\"pelvis\"], zl: \"Pelvis\" },\n        { t: \"Spleen, liver, and kidney injury\", z: [\"abd\"], zl: \"Abdomen\" },\n        { t: \"Shoulder and arm fractures on the struck side\", z: [\"armL\", \"armR\"], zl: \"Arms\" },\n        { t: \"Cervical spine injury from violent sideways head motion\", z: [\"neck\"], zl: \"Neck\" }\n      ],\n      narrative: function (mph, fmt) {\n        var s = fmt(mph);\n        if (mph < 25) return \"At \" + s + \", a truck striking your door is already far worse than a car doing the same. A truck's bumper and frame ride above a car's door sill and side beam, so the impact arrives at seat and window height, where a car has the least structure.\";\n        if (mph < 45) return \"At \" + s + \", the truck's front intrudes directly into the seating space on the struck side. Side curtain airbags help, but the mass arrives above the door beam, and head, chest, and pelvic injuries dominate.\";\n        return \"At \" + s + \", a truck T bone drives the door into the occupant space faster than any restraint can respond. This intersection crash is frequently fatal for whoever is seated on the struck side.\";\n      },\n      risk: function (mph) { return logistic(mph, 30, 6.5); }\n    },\n    squeeze: {\n      label: \"Wide turn squeeze\", crush: 0.35, dv: 0.6,\n      zones: { armL: 0.7, armR: 0.7, chest: 0.7, head: 0.6, pelvis: 0.55, legL: 0.5, legR: 0.5, abd: 0.45, neck: 0.4, feet: 0.35, spine: 0.3 },\n      injuries: [\n        { t: \"Arm and shoulder crush against the intruding trailer\", z: [\"armL\", \"armR\"], zl: \"Arms\" },\n        { t: \"Rib fractures from side crush\", z: [\"chest\"], zl: \"Chest\" },\n        { t: \"Head injury from window and pillar contact\", z: [\"head\"], zl: \"Head\" },\n        { t: \"Pelvic injury from door intrusion\", z: [\"pelvis\"], zl: \"Pelvis\" },\n        { t: \"Leg injury as the car is dragged or wedged\", z: [\"legL\", \"legR\"], zl: \"Legs\" }\n      ],\n      narrative: function (mph, fmt) {\n        var s = fmt(mph);\n        if (mph < 25) return \"At \" + s + \", this is the classic squeeze play: a trucker swings left to make a tight right turn, a car slips into the opening, and the trailer's off tracking closes the gap. Speeds are low, but the crushing force of a turning rig is not.\";\n        if (mph < 45) return \"At \" + s + \", a car caught inside a turning trailer can be dragged, wedged under the trailer's side, or crushed against a curb or barrier. Injuries concentrate on the trapped side of the vehicle.\";\n        return \"At \" + s + \", squeeze crashes are rare because they happen in turns, but a car swiped alongside a turning rig at this speed is thrown into barriers or oncoming lanes, and the secondary impact often does the worst damage.\";\n      },\n      risk: function (mph) { return logistic(mph, 50, 9); }\n    },\n    troll: {\n      label: \"Truck rollover onto your car\", crush: 0.25, dv: 0.55,\n      zones: { head: 1.0, neck: 0.95, spine: 0.85, chest: 0.7, armL: 0.5, armR: 0.5, pelvis: 0.4, legL: 0.35, legR: 0.35, abd: 0.35 },\n      injuries: [\n        { t: \"Crushing head injury from roof collapse\", z: [\"head\"], zl: \"Head\" },\n        { t: \"Lower body entrapment under the collapsed structure\", z: [\"pelvis\", \"legL\", \"legR\"], zl: \"Pelvis &#038; legs\" },\n        { t: \"Cervical spine fracture\", z: [\"neck\"], zl: \"Neck\" },\n        { t: \"Thoracic and lumbar spine injury\", z: [\"spine\"], zl: \"Spine\" },\n        { t: \"Chest crush and compression under the load\", z: [\"chest\"], zl: \"Chest\" },\n        { t: \"Arm fractures from collapsing structure\", z: [\"armL\", \"armR\"], zl: \"Arms\" }\n      ],\n      narrative: function (mph, fmt) {\n        var s = fmt(mph);\n        if (mph < 25) return \"At \" + s + \", truck rollovers usually start with shifted cargo, a curb strike, or a ramp taken too fast. A trailer tipping onto an adjacent car crushes the roof regardless of how slowly either vehicle was moving.\";\n        if (mph < 45) return \"At \" + s + \", a rolling rig can flatten the passenger compartment of the car beside it. Roof strength standards were written for a car's own weight, not for 80,000 pounds arriving from the side.\";\n        return \"At \" + s + \", a highway speed truck rollover combines crushing weight with sliding distance, sweeping vehicles across lanes before coming to rest. Survival often depends on which seats were beneath the trailer.\";\n      },\n      risk: function (mph) { return logistic(mph, 38, 12); }\n    },\n    blind: {\n      label: \"Blind spot sideswipe\", crush: 0.5, dv: 0.5,\n      zones: { armL: 0.6, chest: 0.5, head: 0.5, neck: 0.5, pelvis: 0.4, legL: 0.4, legR: 0.4, armR: 0.35, spine: 0.35, feet: 0.35, abd: 0.3 },\n      injuries: [\n        { t: \"Shoulder and arm injury on the struck side\", z: [\"armL\", \"armR\"], zl: \"Arms\" },\n        { t: \"Head and neck strain from the sudden lateral shove\", z: [\"head\", \"neck\"], zl: \"Head &#038; neck\" },\n        { t: \"Rib bruising and fractures\", z: [\"chest\"], zl: \"Chest\" },\n        { t: \"Leg and pelvis injury from run off road impacts\", z: [\"legL\", \"legR\", \"pelvis\"], zl: \"Legs &#038; pelvis\" },\n        { t: \"Injuries from the secondary crash after leaving the lane\", z: [], zl: \"Whole body\" }\n      ],\n      narrative: function (mph, fmt) {\n        var s = fmt(mph);\n        if (mph < 25) return \"At \" + s + \", a sideswipe from a merging truck is usually survivable, but a car nudged by a rig has little say in where it goes next. The first contact is often minor; the guardrail or ditch that follows is not.\";\n        if (mph < 45) return \"At \" + s + \", a truck drifting into your lane can shove a car sideways in an instant. A rig's blind spots are long enough to hide entire vehicles down each side, and the swipe itself is often only the first impact.\";\n        return \"At \" + s + \", a blind spot sideswipe at highway speed sends the smaller vehicle spinning or off the road entirely. The modeled risk here reflects the secondary collisions, with barriers, ditches, and other traffic, that follow the initial contact.\";\n      },\n      risk: function (mph) { return logistic(mph, 58, 10); }\n    },\n    cargo: {\n      label: \"Lost cargo \/ debris strike\", crush: 0.4, dv: 0.75,\n      zones: { head: 0.9, chest: 0.6, neck: 0.6, armL: 0.5, armR: 0.5, legL: 0.35, legR: 0.35, feet: 0.3, spine: 0.3, abd: 0.3, pelvis: 0.25 },\n      injuries: [\n        { t: \"Head and face injury from windshield penetration\", z: [\"head\"], zl: \"Head\" },\n        { t: \"Neck injury from the sudden strike or violent swerve\", z: [\"neck\"], zl: \"Neck\" },\n        { t: \"Chest injury against the belt\", z: [\"chest\"], zl: \"Chest\" },\n        { t: \"Arm fractures from bracing at the wheel\", z: [\"armL\", \"armR\"], zl: \"Arms\" },\n        { t: \"Injuries from the secondary crash after swerving\", z: [], zl: \"Whole body\" }\n      ],\n      narrative: function (mph, fmt) {\n        var s = fmt(mph);\n        if (mph < 25) return \"At \" + s + \", debris from an unsecured load is usually avoidable, but a heavy object appearing from beneath the vehicle ahead leaves little time even at city speeds. Most injuries in this range come from the emergency swerve rather than the object itself.\";\n        if (mph < 45) return \"At \" + s + \", striking shed cargo is like hitting a fixed object no crash test anticipated. Heavy debris can penetrate the windshield, and the instinctive swerve sends vehicles into barriers and other lanes.\";\n        return \"At \" + s + \", cargo shed at highway speed becomes lethal twice: once as an obstacle the following driver cannot avoid, and again in the chain reaction crash behind it. Federal cargo securement rules exist because of exactly this scenario.\";\n      },\n      risk: function (mph) { return logistic(mph, 48, 9); }\n    }\n  };\n\n  \/* ---------- crash geometry scenes ---------- *\/\n  function carTop(x, y, rot, victim, opacity) {\n    var body = victim ? \"#3B3120\" : \"#232323\";\n    var stroke = victim ? \"#F3B937\" : \"#565656\";\n    var roof = victim ? \"#4C3E22\" : \"#2E2E2E\";\n    var glass = \"#0D0D0D\";\n    var op = (opacity == null) ? 1 : opacity;\n    return '<g transform=\"translate(' + x + ',' + y + ') rotate(' + rot + ')\" opacity=\"' + op + '\">' +\n      '<rect x=\"-44\" y=\"-26\" width=\"17\" height=\"7\" rx=\"3\" fill=\"#0B0B0B\"\/>' +\n      '<rect x=\"24\" y=\"-26\" width=\"17\" height=\"7\" rx=\"3\" fill=\"#0B0B0B\"\/>' +\n      '<rect x=\"-44\" y=\"19\" width=\"17\" height=\"7\" rx=\"3\" fill=\"#0B0B0B\"\/>' +\n      '<rect x=\"24\" y=\"19\" width=\"17\" height=\"7\" rx=\"3\" fill=\"#0B0B0B\"\/>' +\n      '<path d=\"M-50,-23 L42,-23 Q56,-23 56,-12 L56,12 Q56,23 42,23 L-50,23 Q-56,23 -56,17 L-56,-17 Q-56,-23 -50,-23 Z\" fill=\"' + body + '\" stroke=\"' + stroke + '\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>' +\n      '<line x1=\"30\" y1=\"-20\" x2=\"30\" y2=\"20\" stroke=\"#000\" stroke-opacity=\"0.35\" stroke-width=\"1.5\"\/>' +\n      '<path d=\"M12,-18 Q24,-9 24,0 Q24,9 12,18 L7,15 Q15,8 15,0 Q15,-8 7,-15 Z\" fill=\"' + glass + '\"\/>' +\n      '<rect x=\"-24\" y=\"-15\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" rx=\"8\" fill=\"' + roof + '\"\/>' +\n      '<path d=\"M-27,-16 Q-36,-9 -36,0 Q-36,9 -27,16 L-31,13 Q-40,8 -40,0 Q-40,-8 -31,-13 Z\" fill=\"' + glass + '\"\/>' +\n      '<line x1=\"-44\" y1=\"-19\" x2=\"-44\" y2=\"19\" stroke=\"#000\" stroke-opacity=\"0.35\" stroke-width=\"1.5\"\/>' +\n      '<path d=\"M56,-13 Q52,-18 46,-19 L46,-13 Z\" fill=\"#F5E7AE\"\/>' +\n      '<path d=\"M56,13 Q52,18 46,19 L46,13 Z\" fill=\"#F5E7AE\"\/>' +\n      '<rect x=\"-56\" y=\"-17\" width=\"3.5\" height=\"9\" rx=\"1.5\" fill=\"#8C3030\"\/>' +\n      '<rect x=\"-56\" y=\"8\" width=\"3.5\" height=\"9\" rx=\"1.5\" fill=\"#8C3030\"\/>' +\n      '<\/g>';\n  }\n  \/* tractor trailer, top view, pointing right; origin at the coupling.\n     jack = degrees the trailer swings out of line (0 = straight) *\/\n  function semiTop(x, y, rot, opacity, jack) {\n    var op = (opacity == null) ? 1 : opacity;\n    var ja = jack || 0;\n    var trailer =\n      '<g transform=\"rotate(' + ja + ')\">' +\n      '<rect x=\"-148\" y=\"-27\" width=\"14\" height=\"7\" rx=\"3\" fill=\"#0B0B0B\"\/>' +\n      '<rect x=\"-148\" y=\"20\" width=\"14\" height=\"7\" rx=\"3\" fill=\"#0B0B0B\"\/>' +\n      '<rect x=\"-128\" y=\"-27\" width=\"14\" height=\"7\" rx=\"3\" fill=\"#0B0B0B\"\/>' +\n      '<rect x=\"-128\" y=\"20\" width=\"14\" height=\"7\" rx=\"3\" fill=\"#0B0B0B\"\/>' +\n      '<rect x=\"-152\" y=\"-24\" width=\"150\" height=\"48\" rx=\"3\" fill=\"#1B1B1B\" stroke=\"#565656\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>' +\n      '<line x1=\"-118\" y1=\"-24\" x2=\"-118\" y2=\"24\" stroke=\"#000\" stroke-opacity=\"0.3\" stroke-width=\"1.4\"\/>' +\n      '<line x1=\"-78\" y1=\"-24\" x2=\"-78\" y2=\"24\" stroke=\"#000\" stroke-opacity=\"0.3\" stroke-width=\"1.4\"\/>' +\n      '<line x1=\"-38\" y1=\"-24\" x2=\"-38\" y2=\"24\" stroke=\"#000\" stroke-opacity=\"0.3\" stroke-width=\"1.4\"\/>' +\n      '<rect x=\"-152\" y=\"-19\" width=\"3.5\" height=\"10\" rx=\"1.5\" fill=\"#8C3030\"\/>' +\n      '<rect x=\"-152\" y=\"9\" width=\"3.5\" height=\"10\" rx=\"1.5\" fill=\"#8C3030\"\/>' +\n      '<\/g>';\n    var tractor =\n      '<rect x=\"8\" y=\"-25\" width=\"15\" height=\"7\" rx=\"3\" fill=\"#0B0B0B\"\/>' +\n      '<rect x=\"8\" y=\"18\" width=\"15\" height=\"7\" rx=\"3\" fill=\"#0B0B0B\"\/>' +\n      '<rect x=\"40\" y=\"-25\" width=\"15\" height=\"7\" rx=\"3\" fill=\"#0B0B0B\"\/>' +\n      '<rect x=\"40\" y=\"18\" width=\"15\" height=\"7\" rx=\"3\" fill=\"#0B0B0B\"\/>' +\n      '<rect x=\"2\" y=\"-21\" width=\"34\" height=\"42\" rx=\"4\" fill=\"#232323\" stroke=\"#565656\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>' +\n      '<rect x=\"9\" y=\"-14\" width=\"18\" height=\"28\" rx=\"5\" fill=\"#2E2E2E\"\/>' +\n      '<path d=\"M36,-19 L58,-15 Q64,-13 64,0 Q64,13 58,15 L36,19 Z\" fill=\"#232323\" stroke=\"#565656\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>' +\n      '<path d=\"M32,-17 Q39,-9 39,0 Q39,9 32,17 L28,14 Q33,7 33,0 Q33,-7 28,-14 Z\" fill=\"#0D0D0D\"\/>' +\n      '<rect x=\"0\" y=\"-27\" width=\"5\" height=\"9\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#232323\" stroke=\"#565656\" stroke-width=\"1.3\"\/>' +\n      '<rect x=\"0\" y=\"18\" width=\"5\" height=\"9\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#232323\" stroke=\"#565656\" stroke-width=\"1.3\"\/>' +\n      '<path d=\"M64,-11 Q61,-15 56,-16 L56,-11 Z\" fill=\"#F5E7AE\"\/>' +\n      '<path d=\"M64,11 Q61,15 56,16 L56,11 Z\" fill=\"#F5E7AE\"\/>';\n    return '<g transform=\"translate(' + x + ',' + y + ') rotate(' + rot + ')\" opacity=\"' + op + '\">' + trailer + tractor + '<\/g>';\n  }\n  function streaks(x, y, rot) {\n    return '<g transform=\"translate(' + x + ',' + y + ') rotate(' + rot + ')\" stroke=\"#5C5C5C\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" opacity=\"0.85\">' +\n      '<line x1=\"0\" y1=\"-9\" x2=\"-26\" y2=\"-9\"\/>' +\n      '<line x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"-40\" y2=\"0\"\/>' +\n      '<line x1=\"0\" y1=\"9\" x2=\"-22\" y2=\"9\"\/><\/g>';\n  }\n  function impact(x, y) {\n    function star(r1, r2, fill, op) {\n      var p = \"\";\n      for (var i = 0; i < 8; i++) {\n        var a = i * Math.PI \/ 4;\n        p += (i === 0 ? \"M\" : \"L\") + (x + Math.cos(a) * r1).toFixed(1) + \",\" + (y + Math.sin(a) * r1).toFixed(1) +\n          \" L\" + (x + Math.cos(a + Math.PI \/ 8) * r2).toFixed(1) + \",\" + (y + Math.sin(a + Math.PI \/ 8) * r2).toFixed(1) + \" \";\n      }\n      return '<path d=\"' + p + 'Z\" fill=\"' + fill + '\" opacity=\"' + op + '\"\/>';\n    }\n    return star(17, 7, \"#F3B937\", 0.95) + star(9, 4, \"#FFF3CF\", 0.95);\n  }\n  function tag(x, y, text, gold) {\n    return '<text x=\"' + x + '\" y=\"' + y + '\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"Montserrat,sans-serif\" font-weight=\"700\" font-size=\"9.5\" letter-spacing=\"1.5\" fill=\"' + (gold ? \"#F3B937\" : \"#8A8A8A\") + '\">' + text.toUpperCase() + '<\/text>';\n  }\n  function roadH() {\n    return '<rect x=\"0\" y=\"28\" width=\"340\" height=\"84\" rx=\"2\" fill=\"#101010\"\/>' +\n      '<line x1=\"0\" y1=\"33\" x2=\"340\" y2=\"33\" stroke=\"#2E2E2E\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>' +\n      '<line x1=\"0\" y1=\"107\" x2=\"340\" y2=\"107\" stroke=\"#2E2E2E\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>' +\n      '<line x1=\"0\" y1=\"70\" x2=\"340\" y2=\"70\" stroke=\"#3D3D3D\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-dasharray=\"16 13\"\/>';\n  }\n  function svgWrap(inner) {\n    return '<svg viewBox=\"0 0 340 142\" width=\"100%\" style=\"display:block\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">' + inner + '<\/svg>';\n  }\n  var DIAGRAMS = {\n    trear: function () {\n      return svgWrap(\n        roadH() +\n        streaks(-10, 89, 0) + semiTop(126, 89, 0, 1, 0) +\n        carTop(250, 89, 0, true) +\n        impact(192, 89) +\n        tag(96, 132, \"Striking truck\", false) + tag(250, 132, \"Your vehicle\", true)\n      );\n    },\n    head: function () {\n      return svgWrap(\n        roadH() +\n        streaks(-14, 89, 0) + semiTop(120, 89, 0, 1, 0) +\n        carTop(248, 89, 180, true) + streaks(310, 89, 180) +\n        impact(187, 89) +\n        tag(92, 132, \"Oncoming truck\", false) + tag(248, 132, \"Your vehicle\", true)\n      );\n    },\n    sideu: function () {\n      return svgWrap(\n        roadH() +\n        '<rect x=\"168\" y=\"0\" width=\"86\" height=\"142\" fill=\"#101010\"\/>' +\n        '<line x1=\"173\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"173\" y2=\"28\" stroke=\"#2E2E2E\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>' +\n        '<line x1=\"249\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"249\" y2=\"28\" stroke=\"#2E2E2E\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>' +\n        '<line x1=\"173\" y1=\"112\" x2=\"173\" y2=\"142\" stroke=\"#2E2E2E\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>' +\n        '<line x1=\"249\" y1=\"112\" x2=\"249\" y2=\"142\" stroke=\"#2E2E2E\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>' +\n        semiTop(211, -18, 90, 1, 0) +\n        streaks(50, 70, 0) + carTop(128, 70, 0, true) +\n        impact(187, 70) +\n        tag(64, 132, \"Your vehicle\", true) + tag(285, 20, \"Crossing trailer\", false)\n      );\n    },\n    rearu: function () {\n      return svgWrap(\n        roadH() +\n        semiTop(268, 89, 0, 1, 0) +\n        '<rect x=\"114\" y=\"76\" width=\"4\" height=\"26\" rx=\"1.5\" fill=\"#565656\"\/>' +\n        streaks(0, 89, 0) + carTop(58, 89, 0, true) +\n        impact(115, 89) +\n        tag(58, 132, \"Your vehicle\", true) + tag(230, 132, \"Trailer rear + guard\", false)\n      );\n    },\n    jack: function () {\n      return svgWrap(\n        roadH() +\n        semiTop(238, 96, -14, 1, -46) +\n        '<path d=\"M118,26 A130,130 0 0 1 236,44\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#8A8A8A\" stroke-width=\"2.5\"\/>' +\n        '<path d=\"M118,26 L131,20 M118,26 L127,37\" stroke=\"#8A8A8A\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" fill=\"none\" stroke-linecap=\"round\"\/>' +\n        carTop(56, 52, 0, true) +\n        impact(112, 50) +\n        tag(56, 132, \"Your vehicle\", true) + tag(262, 132, \"Jackknifing rig\", false)\n      );\n    },\n    tbone: function () {\n      return svgWrap(\n        roadH() +\n        '<rect x=\"147\" y=\"0\" width=\"86\" height=\"142\" fill=\"#101010\"\/>' +\n        '<line x1=\"152\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"152\" y2=\"28\" stroke=\"#2E2E2E\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>' +\n        '<line x1=\"228\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"228\" y2=\"28\" stroke=\"#2E2E2E\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>' +\n        '<line x1=\"152\" y1=\"112\" x2=\"152\" y2=\"142\" stroke=\"#2E2E2E\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>' +\n        '<line x1=\"228\" y1=\"112\" x2=\"228\" y2=\"142\" stroke=\"#2E2E2E\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>' +\n        semiTop(190, 4, 90, 1, 0) +\n        carTop(186, 96, 0, true) +\n        impact(188, 72) +\n        tag(276, 20, \"Striking truck\", false) + tag(80, 132, \"Your vehicle\", true)\n      );\n    },\n    squeeze: function () {\n      return svgWrap(\n        roadH() +\n        '<rect x=\"228\" y=\"0\" width=\"112\" height=\"142\" fill=\"#101010\"\/>' +\n        '<line x1=\"233\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"233\" y2=\"28\" stroke=\"#2E2E2E\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>' +\n        '<line x1=\"233\" y1=\"112\" x2=\"233\" y2=\"142\" stroke=\"#2E2E2E\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>' +\n        semiTop(150, 72, 28, 1, -42) +\n        carTop(84, 98, 8, true) +\n        impact(104, 88) +\n        '<path d=\"M170,26 A110,110 0 0 1 256,58\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#8A8A8A\" stroke-width=\"2.5\"\/>' +\n        '<path d=\"M256,58 L246,50 M256,58 L245,63\" stroke=\"#8A8A8A\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" fill=\"none\" stroke-linecap=\"round\"\/>' +\n        tag(120, 20, \"Turning rig\", false) + tag(290, 132, \"Your vehicle\", true)\n      );\n    },\n    troll: function () {\n      return svgWrap(\n        roadH() +\n        semiTop(216, 74, -26, 1, -8) +\n        '<path d=\"M118,24 A130,130 0 0 1 250,30\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#8A8A8A\" stroke-width=\"2.5\"\/>' +\n        '<path d=\"M118,24 L131,18 M118,24 L127,35\" stroke=\"#8A8A8A\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" fill=\"none\" stroke-linecap=\"round\"\/>' +\n        carTop(74, 98, 0, true) +\n        impact(126, 88) +\n        tag(60, 132, \"Your vehicle\", true) + tag(272, 132, \"Rolling rig\", false)\n      );\n    },\n    blind: function () {\n      return svgWrap(\n        roadH() +\n        streaks(-12, 50, 10) + semiTop(150, 50, 10, 1, 0) +\n        carTop(230, 96, 0, true) +\n        impact(214, 74) +\n        tag(60, 132, \"Merging truck\", false) + tag(230, 132, \"Your vehicle\", true)\n      );\n    },\n    cargo: function () {\n      return svgWrap(\n        roadH() +\n        semiTop(292, 89, 0, 1, 0) +\n        '<g fill=\"#4A4A4A\" stroke=\"#6E6E6E\" stroke-width=\"1.5\">' +\n        '<rect x=\"118\" y=\"76\" width=\"14\" height=\"12\" rx=\"1.5\" transform=\"rotate(14 125 82)\"\/>' +\n        '<rect x=\"141\" y=\"92\" width=\"12\" height=\"10\" rx=\"1.5\" transform=\"rotate(-18 147 97)\"\/>' +\n        '<rect x=\"160\" y=\"68\" width=\"13\" height=\"11\" rx=\"1.5\" transform=\"rotate(28 166 73)\"\/>' +\n        '<\/g>' +\n        streaks(-16, 89, 0) + carTop(52, 89, 0, true) +\n        impact(114, 84) +\n        tag(52, 132, \"Your vehicle\", true) + tag(238, 132, \"Truck shedding cargo\", false)\n      );\n    }\n  };\n\n  \/* ---------- helpers ---------- *\/\n  function sevColor(t) {\n    if (t < 0.45) return \"#F3B937\";\n    if (t < 0.75) return \"#F07E2D\";\n    return \"#E23A2E\";\n  }\n  function sevLabel(t) {\n    if (t < 0.45) return [\"Moderate risk\", \"#F3B937\"];\n    if (t < 0.75) return [\"Serious risk\", \"#F07E2D\"];\n    return [\"Critical risk\", \"#E23A2E\"];\n  }\n  function storyText(fallM) {\n    var stories = fallM \/ 3;\n    if (stories < 1) return \"below one story\";\n    if (stories < 1.6) return \"a 1 story building\";\n    return \"a \" + Math.round(stories) + \" story building\";\n  }\n  function animateNum(el, from, to, fmt) {\n    if (reduceMotion || from === to) { el.textContent = fmt(to); return; }\n    var start = performance.now(), dur = 420;\n    function step(now) {\n      var p = Math.min(1, (now - start) \/ dur);\n      p = 1 - Math.pow(1 - p, 3);\n      el.textContent = fmt(from + (to - from) * p);\n      if (p < 1) requestAnimationFrame(step);\n    }\n    requestAnimationFrame(step);\n  }\n\n  \/* ---------- per instance init ---------- *\/\n  function initApp(root) {\n    if (root.dataset.tpvInit) return;   \/* never double-bind an instance *\/\n    root.dataset.tpvInit = \"1\";\n    function q(sel) { return root.querySelector(sel); }\n\n    var state = {\n      crash: CRASH[root.dataset.crash] ? root.dataset.crash : \"trear\",\n      unit: root.dataset.units === \"kmh\" ? \"kmh\" : \"mph\",\n      mph: Math.max(10, Math.min(80, parseInt(root.dataset.speed || \"40\", 10) || 40))\n    };\n    var prev = { g: 0, fall: 0, stop: 0, risk: 0 };\n    var glowId = root.dataset.glow || \"tpvGlow\";\n\n    var slider = q('[data-tpv=\"range\"]');\n    var speedNum = q('[data-tpv=\"speed-num\"]');\n    var speedUnit = q('[data-tpv=\"speed-unit\"]');\n    if (!slider || !speedNum) return;\n    slider.value = state.mph;\n\n    function fmtSpeed(mph) {\n      return state.unit === \"kmh\" ? Math.round(mph * 1.60934) + \" km\/h\" : Math.round(mph) + \" mph\";\n    }\n    function speedFactor() { return Math.min(1, (state.mph - 10) \/ 60); }\n\n    function highlightZones(zones, on) {\n      root.querySelectorAll(\".tpv-zone\").forEach(function (el) {\n        if (zones.indexOf(el.dataset.zone) > -1) el.classList.toggle(\"hover\", on);\n      });\n    }\n\n    function render() {\n      var c = CRASH[state.crash], mph = state.mph;\n      var isM = state.unit === \"kmh\";\n\n      \/* delta-V the car's occupants experience, after the weight mismatch factor *\/\n      var vBody = mph * c.dv * MPH_TO_MS;\n      \/* the rig's own braking, from the raw slider speed *\/\n      var vTruck = mph * MPH_TO_MS;\n\n      var fallM = (vBody * vBody) \/ (2 * G);\n      var brakeM = (vTruck * vTruck) \/ (2 * 0.35 * G);\n      \/* a = v^2 \/ 2d, expressed in g's (the car tool's source divides by G twice; corrected here) *\/\n      var decelG = (vBody * vBody) \/ (2 * c.crush * G);\n      var risk = Math.max(0.001, c.risk(mph));\n\n      animateNum(q('[data-tpv=\"stat-g\"]'), prev.g, decelG, function (n) { return Math.round(n) + \"g\"; });\n      var fallVal = isM ? fallM : fallM * 3.28084;\n      animateNum(q('[data-tpv=\"stat-fall\"]'), prev.fall, fallVal, function (n) {\n        return isM ? (Math.round(n * 10) \/ 10) + \" m\" : Math.round(n) + \" ft\";\n      });\n      q('[data-tpv=\"stat-fall-lbl\"]').textContent = \"Equivalent to falling from \" + storyText(fallM);\n      var stopVal = isM ? brakeM : brakeM * 3.28084;\n      animateNum(q('[data-tpv=\"stat-stop\"]'), prev.stop, stopVal, function (n) {\n        return Math.round(n) + (isM ? \" m\" : \" ft\");\n      });\n      var riskEl = q('[data-tpv=\"stat-risk\"]');\n      animateNum(riskEl, prev.risk, risk * 100, function (n) { return Math.round(n) + \"%\"; });\n      riskEl.className = \"num \" + (risk > 0.5 ? \"risk-high\" : (risk > 0.2 ? \"risk-mid\" : \"\"));\n\n      prev = { g: decelG, fall: fallVal, stop: stopVal, risk: risk * 100 };\n\n      q('[data-tpv=\"heading\"]').textContent = c.label;\n      q('[data-tpv=\"diagram\"]').innerHTML = DIAGRAMS[state.crash]();\n      q('[data-tpv=\"narrative\"]').textContent = c.narrative(mph, fmtSpeed);\n\n      var list = q('[data-tpv=\"injury-list\"]');\n      list.innerHTML = \"\";\n      c.injuries.forEach(function (item) {\n        var li = document.createElement(\"li\");\n        var name = document.createElement(\"span\");\n        name.textContent = item.t;\n        var zone = document.createElement(\"span\");\n        zone.className = \"zone\";\n        zone.textContent = item.zl;\n        li.appendChild(name); li.appendChild(zone);\n        li.addEventListener(\"mouseenter\", function () { highlightZones(item.z, true); });\n        li.addEventListener(\"mouseleave\", function () { highlightZones(item.z, false); });\n        list.appendChild(li);\n      });\n\n      var sf = speedFactor();\n      root.querySelectorAll(\".tpv-zone\").forEach(function (el) {\n        var w = c.zones[el.dataset.zone] || 0;\n        if (w > 0) {\n          var t = w * (0.35 + 0.65 * sf);\n          var col = sevColor(t);\n          el.style.fill = col;\n          el.style.fillOpacity = (0.55 + 0.35 * t).toFixed(2);\n          el.style.filter = t >= 0.7 ? \"url(#\" + glowId + \") drop-shadow(0 0 5px \" + col + \")\" : \"none\";\n        } else {\n          el.style.fill = \"transparent\";\n          el.style.filter = \"none\";\n        }\n      });\n\n      speedNum.textContent = isM ? Math.round(mph * 1.60934) : Math.round(mph);\n      speedUnit.textContent = isM ? \"km\/h\" : \"mph\";\n    }\n\n    \/* tooltip *\/\n    var tip = q('[data-tpv=\"tip\"]');\n    var panel = q(\".tpv-body-panel\");\n    function showTip(zone, evt) {\n      var c = CRASH[state.crash];\n      var w = c.zones[zone] || 0;\n      var t = w * (0.35 + 0.65 * speedFactor());\n      var sev = w > 0 ? sevLabel(t) : [\"Low involvement in this crash type\", \"#9A9A9A\"];\n      var items = c.injuries.filter(function (i) { return i.z.indexOf(zone) > -1; });\n      var html = '<div class=\"t-zone\">' + ZONE_LABELS[zone] + '<\/div>' +\n        '<div  class=\"t-sev\" style=\"color:' + sev[1] + '\">' + sev[0] + '<\/div>';\n      if (items.length) {\n        html += '<ul>' + items.map(function (i) { return '<li>' + i.t + '<\/li>'; }).join(\"\") + '<\/ul>';\n      } else if (w > 0) {\n        html += '<ul><li>Elevated injury risk in this crash type<\/li><\/ul>';\n      }\n      tip.innerHTML = html;\n      tip.style.display = \"block\";\n      var r = panel.getBoundingClientRect();\n      var x = evt.clientX - r.left + 14, y = evt.clientY - r.top + 10;\n      if (x + 240 > r.width) x = r.width - 240;\n      if (x < 4) x = 4;\n      tip.style.left = x + \"px\";\n      tip.style.top = y + \"px\";\n      var th = tip.offsetHeight;\n      if (y + th > r.height - 4) y = Math.max(4, (evt.clientY - r.top) - th - 14);\n      tip.style.top = y + \"px\";\n    }\n    root.querySelectorAll(\".tpv-zone\").forEach(function (el) {\n      el.addEventListener(\"pointermove\", function (e) { showTip(el.dataset.zone, e); });\n      el.addEventListener(\"pointerleave\", function () { tip.style.display = \"none\"; });\n      el.addEventListener(\"click\", function (e) { showTip(el.dataset.zone, e); e.stopPropagation(); });\n    });\n    document.addEventListener(\"click\", function () { tip.style.display = \"none\"; });\n\n    \/* events *\/\n    slider.addEventListener(\"input\", function () { state.mph = parseInt(slider.value, 10); render(); });\n    root.querySelectorAll(\".tpv-crash-btn\").forEach(function (btn) {\n      btn.addEventListener(\"click\", function () {\n        root.querySelectorAll(\".tpv-crash-btn\").forEach(function (b) { b.setAttribute(\"aria-pressed\", \"false\"); });\n        btn.setAttribute(\"aria-pressed\", \"true\");\n        state.crash = btn.dataset.crash;\n        render();\n      });\n    });\n    root.querySelectorAll(\".tpv-unit-btn\").forEach(function (btn) {\n      btn.addEventListener(\"click\", function () {\n        root.querySelectorAll(\".tpv-unit-btn\").forEach(function (b) { b.setAttribute(\"aria-pressed\", \"false\"); });\n        btn.setAttribute(\"aria-pressed\", \"true\");\n        state.unit = btn.dataset.unit;\n        render();\n      });\n    });\n\n    render();\n  }\n\n  function boot() {\n    document.querySelectorAll(\".tpv-app\").forEach(initApp);\n\n    \/* content block scene slots: fill with the matching diagram unless a photo is present *\/\n    document.querySelectorAll(\".tpv-row-media[data-scene]\").forEach(function (el) {\n      if (el.dataset.tpvFilled) return;\n      el.dataset.tpvFilled = \"1\";\n      var img = el.querySelector(\"img[src]\");\n      if ((!img || !img.getAttribute(\"src\")) && DIAGRAMS[el.dataset.scene]) {\n        el.innerHTML = DIAGRAMS[el.dataset.scene]();\n      }\n    });\n\n    \/* infographic lightbox: progressive enhancement over a plain link to the image *\/\n    document.querySelectorAll(\"[data-tpv-lightbox]\").forEach(function (a) {\n      if (a.dataset.tpvLbBound) return;\n      a.dataset.tpvLbBound = \"1\";\n      a.addEventListener(\"click\", function (e) {\n        e.preventDefault();\n        var scope = a.closest(\".jca-tpv\") || document.body;\n        var lb = document.createElement(\"div\");\n        lb.className = \"tpv-lb\";\n        lb.setAttribute(\"role\", \"dialog\");\n        lb.setAttribute(\"aria-modal\", \"true\");\n        lb.setAttribute(\"aria-label\", \"Infographic, full size\");\n        var close = document.createElement(\"button\");\n        close.type = \"button\"; close.className = \"tpv-lb-close\"; close.textContent = \"Close \\u00D7\";\n        var img = document.createElement(\"img\");\n        img.src = a.getAttribute(\"href\");\n        var inner = a.querySelector(\"img\");\n        img.alt = inner ? inner.alt : \"\";\n        lb.appendChild(close); lb.appendChild(img);\n        function destroy() {\n          lb.remove();\n          document.removeEventListener(\"keydown\", onKey);\n          a.focus();\n        }\n        function onKey(ev) { if (ev.key === \"Escape\") destroy(); }\n        lb.addEventListener(\"click\", function (ev) { if (ev.target !== img) destroy(); });\n        close.addEventListener(\"click\", destroy);\n        document.addEventListener(\"keydown\", onKey);\n        scope.appendChild(lb);\n        close.focus();\n      });\n    });\n\n    \/* content block copy buttons *\/\n    document.querySelectorAll(\".tpv-copy\").forEach(function (btn) {\n      if (btn.dataset.tpvBound) return;\n      btn.dataset.tpvBound = \"1\";\n      btn.addEventListener(\"click\", function () {\n        var ta = btn.parentElement ? btn.parentElement.querySelector(\"textarea\") : null;\n        if (!ta) return;\n        ta.select();\n        var done = function () {\n          var t = btn.textContent;\n          btn.textContent = \"Copied\";\n          setTimeout(function () { btn.textContent = t; }, 1600);\n        };\n        if (navigator.clipboard && navigator.clipboard.writeText) {\n          navigator.clipboard.writeText(ta.value).then(done, function () { document.execCommand(\"copy\"); done(); });\n        } else {\n          document.execCommand(\"copy\"); done();\n        }\n      });\n    });\n  }\n\n  \/* boot at every safe moment; the per-element guards make repeats free.\n     window.jcaTpvBoot lets themes\/builders re-run it after injecting content. *\/\n  window.jcaTpvBoot = boot;\n  if (document.readyState !== \"loading\") boot();\n  document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", boot);\n  window.addEventListener(\"load\", boot);\n})();\n<\/script>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Interactive Safety Tool Truck Accident Injuries by Speed: What 80,000 Pounds Does to You Choose a truck crash type and set the impact speed. The figure shows where truck accident injuries concentrate on the body of the car&#8217;s occupants; the panel shows the physics behind them. Hover or tap any body zone for detail. Truck [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2582,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"page-templates\/full-width.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_titles_title":"Truck Accident Injuries by Speed & Scenario | Free Tool","_seopress_titles_desc":"See what an 80,000 lb collision does to the human body across 10 truck crash types. Interactive tool built on FMCSA, IIHS and NHTSA crash research. Free.","_seopress_robots_index":"","_seopress_robots_follow":"","_seopress_robots_imageindex":"","_seopress_robots_snippet":"","_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_robots_breadcrumbs":"","_seopress_robots_freeze_modified_date":"","_seopress_robots_custom_modified_date":"","_seopress_robots_canonical":"","_seopress_social_fb_title":"","_seopress_social_fb_desc":"","_seopress_social_fb_img":"","_seopress_social_fb_img_attachment_id":0,"_seopress_social_fb_img_width":0,"_seopress_social_fb_img_height":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_title":"","_seopress_social_twitter_desc":"","_seopress_social_twitter_img":"","_seopress_social_twitter_img_attachment_id":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_img_width":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_img_height":0,"_seopress_redirections_value":"","_seopress_redirections_enabled":"","_seopress_redirections_enabled_regex":"","_seopress_redirections_logged_status":"","_seopress_redirections_param":"","_seopress_redirections_type":0,"_seopress_analysis_target_kw":"","_seopress_news_disabled":"","_seopress_video_disabled":"","_seopress_video":[],"_seopress_pro_schemas_manual":[],"_seopress_pro_rich_snippets_disable_all":"","_seopress_pro_rich_snippets_disable":[],"_seopress_pro_schemas":[],"_gspb_post_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2581","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tools"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/severeinjurylawyers.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2581","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/severeinjurylawyers.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/severeinjurylawyers.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/severeinjurylawyers.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/severeinjurylawyers.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2581"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/severeinjurylawyers.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2581\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3054,"href":"https:\/\/severeinjurylawyers.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2581\/revisions\/3054"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/severeinjurylawyers.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2582"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/severeinjurylawyers.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2581"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/severeinjurylawyers.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2581"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/severeinjurylawyers.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2581"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}