The Texas Head On Collision Index

1.4% of Crashes, 12.4% of Fatal Crashes

What the 2025 Data Shows

• About 1 in 18 head on crashes was fatal, compared with about 1 in 155 reportable crashes statewide. [HO-001]
• 73.4% of fatal head on crashes occurred in rural areas. [HO-002]
• 77.5% of fatal head on crashes occurred on US highways, state highways, or Farm to Market roads. [HO-003]
• Roads posted at 55 mph or more accounted for 80.6% of fatal head on crashes. [HO-004]
• The 432 fatal head on crashes recorded in CRIS involved 554 deaths. [HO-005]

The Texas Head On Collision Index is J. Alexander Law Firm's original analysis of publicly available TxDOT Crash Records Information System data. The study identifies reportable crashes coded as "opposite direction, both going straight" and examines Texas patterns from 2019 through 2025, including crash severity, deaths, rural and urban location, road class, posted speed, light conditions, timing, road design, counties, highways, and officer recorded contributing factors.

What this study measures: officer reported, TxDOT reportable crashes coded in CRIS as manner of collision code 30. Unless otherwise stated, results describe crash records, not legal fault, the cause of an individual collision, all medical injuries diagnosed after a crash, or every head on type impact that may be described differently in ordinary language.

In 2025, TxDOT's Crash Records Information System lists 7,783 head on crashes among 539,112 reportable crashes, as queried September 23, 2026. That is 1.4% of all reportable crashes. The same 7,783 crashes included 432 fatal crashes, 12.4% of the 3,471 fatal crashes in the state. [HO-006, HO-007, HO-008, HO-009]

TxDOT's published 2025 Crash Facts total is 538,860 reportable crashes, processed through April 7, 2026. A CRIS public query run on September 23, 2026 returned 539,112, a difference of 252 crashes, or 0.05%, consistent with later processed reports. The head on count was confirmed with a second, independent CRIS crash count. [HO-007]

Definition used throughout: A head on crash is a reportable crash coded in CRIS under manner of collision code 30, "Opposite direction, both going straight." This study does not combine it with opposite direction turning crashes, angle crashes, sideswipes, or single vehicle crashes. In 2025, 7,783 Texas crashes carried code 30. [HO-006]

TxDOT's annual Crash Facts reports publish a head on death count but no head on crash table by severity, road, or city. The figures on this page were calculated directly from TxDOT's Crash Records Information System and checked against TxDOT's published totals.

The count has been steady. From 2019 through 2025, Texas recorded between 6,989 and 8,323 head on crashes a year, always about 1.4% to 1.5% of reportable crashes, and between 408 and 479 fatal head on crashes a year. [HO-010]

The Highest Fatal Rate of Any Collision Type

About 1 in 18 Texas head on crashes was fatal in 2025: 5.55%, compared with 0.64% of all reportable crashes, about 1 in 155. Another way to measure it: 14.42% of head on crashes were coded fatal or suspected serious injury, classified as KA crashes, compared with 3.32% of all crashes. [HO-001, HO-011]

Head on crashes had the highest fatal rate and the highest fatal or serious injury rate of all 42 manner of collision categories recorded in CRIS in 2025. They also had the highest fatal rate of any category in every year from 2019 through 2025. [HO-012]

Single vehicle crashes, CRIS code 1, produced more fatal crashes in total, 1,864, because they are far more common. Their fatal rate, 1.70%, was less than a third of the head on rate. Rear end crashes, codes 20 and 22 combined, had a fatal rate of 0.22%. [HO-013]

How Many People Died

In Texas, the 432 fatal head on crashes of 2025 involved 554 deaths, according to the death counts on the crash records. That is 14.7% of everyone killed in a reportable Texas crash. 99 of those crashes, 22.9%, killed two or more people, compared with 6.9% of all fatal crashes. [HO-005, HO-014, HO-015]

TxDOT's 2025 Crash Facts report lists 555 people killed in head on crashes. This study's CRIS code 30 query returned 554. The one death difference reflects the timing and processing status of public record updates, not a different definition: TxDOT's Strategic Highway Safety Plan defines a head on crash by the same CRIS code, and from 2019 through 2025 the two counts matched exactly in four of seven years and were within two deaths in every year. [HO-016, HO-017]

The person records show who was hurt. The 2025 head on crashes involved 23,051 people: 554 were killed and 1,313 more suffered suspected serious injuries. Of those killed, 416 were drivers and 109 were passengers. Motorcycle operators had the highest observed death share among the listed groups: 27 of the 132 operators involved in a 2025 head on crash were killed, or 20.5%. [HO-018, HO-019, HO-020]

Important: person type, driver age, and commercial vehicle rows overlap, so the rows do not add to the total number of people involved. Age rows include motorcycle operators; 1,032 drivers with no recorded age and 11 drivers under 15 are not shown. Share killed is not shown for groups with fewer than 30 people.

Drivers 65 and older had a higher observed death share than younger drivers: 4.2% were killed, compared with 2.8% of drivers ages 25 to 64, 2.7% of drivers ages 20 to 24, and 2.6% of drivers ages 15 to 19. These are outcomes among people already involved in a head on crash, not population or travel adjusted risk rates. Deaths rarely occurred inside the commercial vehicle: 9 of the 554 people killed were in a commercial motor vehicle. [HO-021, HO-022]

Most people killed in head on crashes were buckled in. 316 of the 554 people killed were wearing a shoulder and lap belt. Where restraint use was recorded, 30.8% of those killed were unrestrained. Statewide, TxDOT reports that 45.94% of people killed in vehicles in 2025, where restraint use applied and was known, were not restrained. [HO-023, HO-024]

Head on crashes accounted for 6.3% of all fatal or serious injury crashes in Texas in 2025, from 1.4% of crashes. [HO-026]

Crash severity is a crash level code assigned by the investigating officer, based on the most severe injury observed. It does not capture injuries reported, treated, or diagnosed after the crash. TxDOT's Crash Facts figures for 2019 through 2024 are the versions TxDOT restated on April 9, 2025; the 2025 figure reflects reports processed through April 7, 2026.

Fatal Head On Crashes Concentrate on Rural, Higher Speed Roads

More than half of Texas head on crashes happened outside the state's cities. In 2025, 53.0% of Texas head on crashes occurred in rural areas, which TxDOT defines as places outside cities of 5,000 or more people. Only 27.4% of all reportable crashes did. In 2025, rural areas accounted for 73.4% of fatal head on crashes in Texas. [HO-002, HO-027]

A rural head on crash was about 2.4 times as likely to be fatal as an urban one: 7.7% compared with 3.1%. [HO-028]

335 of the 432 fatal head on crashes in 2025, or 77.5%, happened on a US highway, a state highway, or a Farm to Market road. Those roads carried 39.4% of head on crashes. City streets carried 37.3% of head on crashes but only 10.0% of the fatal ones. That imbalance does not establish that road design alone caused the crashes. It does show where the fatal burden was concentrated in the CRIS data. [HO-003, HO-029]

County roads carried 19.1% of head on crashes, compared with 7.4% of all reportable crashes. Their head on fatal rate, 1.4%, was lower than on US and state highways, Farm to Market roads, and interstates, but the 2025 records still include 21 fatal head on crashes on county roads. [HO-030]

The fatal rate climbed with the posted speed limit. Head on crashes on roads posted at 55 mph or higher accounted for about one third of head on crashes, 34.2%, but more than four out of five fatal head on crashes, 80.6%. Posted speed is not the speed a driver was traveling or the legal cause of a crash; it is a roadway context measure in the CRIS record. [HO-004]

The state highway system shows the same split between frequency and severity. 47.4% of head on crashes occurred on roadways coded in CRIS as part of the state highway system (On System Flag = Yes), fewer than the 58.1% of all crashes. Yet those crashes accounted for 86.3% of fatal head on crashes. [HO-032]

Commercial motor vehicles were involved in 11.2% of head on crashes, compared with 7.1% of all reportable Texas crashes, and in 19.2% of fatal head on crashes. That difference shows commercial vehicle involvement was more common in the head on crash records than in crashes overall; it does not identify which driver caused any individual crash. Nearly all fatal head on crashes, 94.4%, happened away from an intersection. [HO-033, HO-034]

The rural concentration is not new. In every year from 2019 through 2025, rural areas accounted for between 48% and 53% of head on crashes and between 71% and 78% of fatal head on crashes. [HO-035]

Rural status comes from the CRIS Rural Flag, which follows TxDOT's published definition: urban means within a city or town of 5,000 or more people, and everything else is rural. CRIS counted 147,652 rural reportable crashes in 2025; TxDOT's Crash Facts rural table lists 147,617.

Fatal Rates Peaked on Unlit Roads and Late at Night

Most head on crashes happened in daylight, but darkness was overrepresented among the fatal ones. In 2025, 36.4% of Texas head on crashes occurred in dark conditions, yet those crashes accounted for 49.5% of fatal head on crashes, nearly half: 214 of 432. [HO-036]

Roads with no lighting stood out. Head on crashes on dark, unlit roads made up 19.5% of head on crashes and 38.9% of fatal head on crashes. About 11% of those crashes were fatal, compared with 4.3% in daylight. [HO-037, HO-038]

Head on crashes peaked in the 5 p.m. hour, with 582 crashes. The overnight hours carried the most risk per crash. From midnight to 5:59 a.m., Texas recorded 11.3% of head on crashes but 22.5% of fatal head on crashes. [HO-039, HO-040]

The three hour window with the most fatal head on crashes was 3 p.m. to 5:59 p.m., with 65, the same window that had the most head on crashes overall. [HO-041]

Crash time is the local time recorded on the crash report. It is not a measure of traffic exposure: a higher overnight fatal rate may reflect several factors, including lighting, speed, traffic volume, road type, and the distance to emergency care.

Weekends showed a smaller version of the same pattern. Saturday and Sunday accounted for 27.8% of head on crashes and 32.6% of fatal head on crashes. Sunday had the most fatal head on crashes of any day, 73, and the highest fatal rate, 7.2%. [HO-042, HO-043]

Light, Weather, and Road Surface Conditions

Conditions recorded on crash reports describe the setting of a collision; they do not identify the legal cause of an individual crash. The table compares each condition's share of head on crashes with its share of all reportable crashes and of fatal head on crashes.

A condition is overrepresented among fatal crashes when its share of fatal head on crashes is larger than its share of all head on crashes. Dark, unlit roads are the clearest case: 38.9% of fatal head on crashes against 19.5% of all head on crashes. That pattern can reflect several factors at once, including traffic volume, time of day, road design, driver behavior, and the distance to emergency care, not the condition alone. [HO-037]

Rain and wet pavement were more common in head on crashes than in crashes overall. Rain was recorded in 10.6% of head on crashes and 6.7% of all reportable crashes; wet pavement in 14.6% and 9.5%. Head on crashes on wet pavement were fatal less often than those on dry pavement, 4.7% compared with 5.7%. [HO-044, HO-045]

Light, weather, and surface conditions are the officer's description of the scene, not measurements. Fatal rates are not shown for conditions with fewer than 30 head on crashes.

Leaving the Lane Was the Most Frequently Cited Factor

"Failed to drive in single lane" was the factor officers cited most often in Texas head on crashes. It appeared in 2,312 of the 7,783 head on crashes recorded in 2025, or 29.7%. Counting the four lane keeping factors together (failed to drive in single lane, wrong side not passing, wrong side at an approach or intersection, and failed to give half of the roadway), 51.0% of head on crashes cited at least one. A passing maneuver, such as passing in a no passing zone, was cited in 3.2%. [HO-046, HO-047, HO-048]

Fatal crashes looked different. "Wrong side, not passing" was cited in 138 of the 432 fatal head on crashes, or 31.9%. Alcohol or drugs appeared in 155 fatal head on crashes, 35.9%, compared with 12.4% of all head on crashes. [HO-049, HO-050]

Head On Is Not the Same as Wrong Way

Wrong way crashes and head on crashes overlap, but they are not the same thing. The Texas A&M Transportation Institute defines wrong way driving as traveling against the direction of traffic on a divided roadway, such as a freeway, and counted about 1,700 wrong way crashes on Texas controlled access highways from 2010 through 2019, about 170 a year, with 10% resulting in a fatality. [HO-051]

In 2025, officers cited "wrong way, one way road" in 409 head on crashes, 68 of them fatal: 5.3% of all head on crashes. Far more often, officers cited a vehicle leaving its own lane. [HO-052]

Contributing factors are coded by the investigating officer. A crash can list several, and they are not determinations of legal liability or of a single cause.

Undivided Two Lane Roads and the Center Line

CRIS attaches TxDOT's roadway inventory to crashes on the roads TxDOT maintains. That inventory covered 3,626 of the 2025 head on crashes, including 373 fatal ones. Everywhere else, the road type and median fields are blank, so the first two figures below describe inventoried roads, which closely track the state highway system (3,691 head on crashes carried the On System Flag). [HO-053, HO-032]

• Two lane, two way roads: 61.0% of inventoried head on crashes and 67.0% of their fatal crashes, compared with 17.3% of all inventoried crashes. The 250 fatal crashes on these roads were 57.9% of every fatal head on crash in Texas. In rural areas alone, two lane, two way roads carried 227 fatal head on crashes, 52.5% of the statewide total. [HO-054, HO-055, HO-056]
• No median: 79.9% of inventoried head on crashes and 81.8% of their fatal crashes happened where no median separated the two directions, compared with 37.9% of all inventoried crashes. [HO-057]
• Curves: 24.9% of all head on crashes and 30.8% of fatal head on crashes happened on a curve, compared with 7.4% of all crashes. The officer records alignment for every crash, on any road. [HO-058]

A median barrier did not rule out a head on crash. In 2025, 354 head on crashes, 36 of them fatal, happened on roads coded with a positive median barrier. CRIS does not record how both vehicles came to be on the same side of the barrier. [HO-059]

What TxDOT Uses Against Head On Crashes

TxDOT's Strategic Highway Safety Plan counts head on crashes in which a vehicle was on the wrong side of the road but not passing, together with run off the road crashes, in its roadway and lane departure emphasis area. Its first strategy is to keep vehicles from encroaching on the roadside or the opposite lane, and the plan describes cable barriers as a tool that prevents head on collisions.

In its 2026 Highway Safety Improvement Program guidelines, TxDOT scores several projects against CRIS manner of collision code 30, the same definition this study uses. Installing a median barrier carries a 50% reduction factor, adding paved width to narrow two lane roads 30%, installing passing lanes 25%, and milled centerline rumble strips 15%. TxDOT also sets aside 15% of HSIP funds each year for an annual priority. For fiscal years 2026 through 2028, that priority is low cost countermeasures at curves and straightaways aimed at run off the road and head on crashes. [HO-060, HO-061]

TxDOT's State Systemic Widening program widens narrow, high risk state highways and adds centerline and edgeline rumble strips. TxDOT says narrow pavement and limited recovery space increase the likelihood and severity of head on crashes. Its Roadway Design Manual calls for rumble strips on rural high speed roadways during new construction, reconstruction, and overlay projects.

The most recent Texas evaluation of passing lanes, a 2025 Texas A&M Transportation Institute study of Super 2 highways, found that adding periodic passing lanes to rural two lane highways reduced total crashes by 21% and fatal and injury crashes by 16%. The study did not publish a separate estimate for head on crashes. [HO-062]

TxDOT's reduction factors are planning assumptions used to score and rank projects. They are not measured results for any particular Texas road, and they apply to the full set of crash types each work code lists.

Which Texas Counties Have the Highest Head On Crash Burden?

A county with the most fatal head on crashes is not necessarily the county with the highest rate. This study reports three measures for every county, pooling all seven years from 2019 through 2025 to steady small numbers: [HO-063]

• The fatal head on crash count shows where the largest number of fatal head on crashes occurred.
• Rates per 100,000 residents adjust for population.
• Fatal head on crashes per 100 million vehicle miles adjust for reported travel on the roads in TxDOT's county roadway inventory.

Each measure answers a different question. A large county may lead in total fatal crashes because it has more people and more driving. A smaller county may have a higher rate because fatal crashes occurred disproportionately relative to its population or its recorded roadway travel. These measures describe reported crash burden, not legal fault, the cause of an individual collision, or the safety of every road in a county. No single measure defines the most dangerous county.

What the County Data Shows

• Most fatal head on crashes: Harris County, 161. [HO-064]
• Highest fatal rate per resident: Grimes County, 12.5 fatal head on crashes per 100,000 residents a year, compared with 1.4 statewide. [HO-065]
• Highest fatal rate per vehicle mile: Fannin County, 0.86 per 100 million vehicle miles, compared with 0.155 statewide. [HO-066, HO-067]
• Largest increase in head on crashes, 2019 to 2025: Hidalgo County, from 168 to 239. [HO-068]
• Largest decrease in head on crashes, 2019 to 2025: Harris County, from 1,123 to 1,000. [HO-068]

The rate leaders are drawn from the 41 counties with at least 20 fatal head on crashes. The change measures compare all head on crashes in 2019 and 2025, because fatal counts in a single county are too small to rank year to year changes reliably.

Measured against the miles driven, the highest rates were in smaller counties. All 10 counties in the rate table below have fewer than 125,000 residents, and Fannin, Grimes, and Milam counties had rates more than five times the statewide rate of 0.155 fatal head on crashes per 100 million vehicle miles. [HO-066, HO-067]

County is the CRIS County field for the crash location. Vehicle miles are TxDOT's county daily vehicle miles traveled on the on system and off system roads in its roadway inventory, from the Roadway Data Tables, multiplied by the days in each year and summed for 2019 through 2025. Vehicle mile rates are exposure measures, not fault findings; they depend on TxDOT's traffic estimates for each road. Resident rates divide the seven year annual average by the Census Bureau's Vintage 2025 county estimate for July 1, 2025, which slightly understates rates in fast growing counties, and they can run high in small counties crossed by busy highways, where many drivers may not be residents. Counties with fewer than 20 fatal head on crashes are left out of the rate rankings because a few crashes can swing a small county's rate. The full county dataset is in the Get the Data section.

Texas Highways With the Most Fatal Head On Crashes

The routes with the most fatal head on crashes are not always the routes with the highest fatal crash rates. This study reports total fatal crashes, fatal crashes per 100 route miles, and fatal crashes per 100 million vehicle miles on the route, which separates route length and traffic volume from a disproportionate fatal crash burden.

CRIS records the state highway route for crashes on the TxDOT system. From 2019 through 2025, 2,788 of the 3,160 fatal head on crashes in Texas, 88.2%, happened on a named state highway route. [HO-069]

What the Route Data Shows

• Most fatal head on crashes: SH 21 (44), followed by US 59 (43), US 281 (41), and US 190 and US 67 (40 each). [HO-070]
• Highest fatal rates, routes with 15 or more fatal head on crashes: FM 812, with 75.4 fatal head on crashes per 100 route miles and 2.79 per 100 million vehicle miles on the route. [HO-071, HO-072]
• Change from 2019 to 2025: not ranked, because route designations and mileage changed during the period. Between the 2019 and 2025 inventories, US 77 went from 411.6 to 396.3 main lane miles and I-69E from 58.9 to 68.6. [HO-073]

Long routes collect more crashes simply because they are long, so the table also shows rates. Adjusted for traffic, the highest rates among routes with at least 15 fatal head on crashes were on FM 812 (2.79 per 100 million vehicle miles on the route), US 57 (1.13), and SH 302 (1.09). The statewide rate for all inventoried roads was 0.155. [HO-072, HO-067]

Corridor counts identify where crashes were recorded; they do not establish that a road's design, maintenance, or traffic controls caused any individual collision. Route miles are 2025 main lane centerline miles. Route vehicle miles are TxDOT's daily vehicle miles traveled on the route's main lanes and frontage roads, multiplied by the days in each year and summed for 2019 through 2025, both from TxDOT's Roadway Data Tables. Vehicle mile rates are exposure measures, not fault findings. Rate rankings include only routes with 15 or more fatal head on crashes, and routes tied on fatal crashes are ordered by total head on crashes. Crashes off the state highway system carry no route name and are not included. The Methods section explains how crashes are assigned to routes.

The Largest Cities See Fewer Than Their Share

In 2025, every one of the 12 selected cities in this study had a lower head on share than Texas as a whole. Midland had the highest share, 1.40% of its reportable crashes, and Lubbock the lowest, 0.62%. Statewide, the share was 1.44%. [HO-074, HO-075, HO-008]

Together, the 12 cities recorded 35.5% of all reportable Texas crashes in 2025, but only 21.5% of head on crashes and 12.0% of fatal head on crashes: 52 of 432. [HO-076]

City ledger rows: [HO-074, HO-077, HO-078, HO-079, HO-080, HO-081, HO-082, HO-083, HO-084, HO-085, HO-086, HO-075]

The same pattern holds for Texas cities of 250,000 or more people combined. Together, those cities recorded 35.8% of all reportable crashes but 21.0% of head on crashes and 11.8% of fatal head on crashes. [HO-087]

City counts use the CRIS City field (the crash location city), not a city limits polygon. Fatal counts in individual cities are small, so a difference of a few crashes can change a city's rank. Population rates use the Census Bureau's Vintage 2025 estimates and describe crashes per resident, not the risk to any individual driver. [HO-088, HO-089]

City Trends, 2019 to 2025

Counts moved more in some cities than in others. Lubbock and McAllen had the widest relative swings: Lubbock recorded between 32 and 63 head on crashes a year and McAllen between 13 and 25. Houston, with far more crashes, stayed between 467 and 611. The table shows every year; the city by year CSV in the Get the Data section adds severity detail. [HO-090]

TxDOT Districts

TxDOT divides the state into 25 districts. The fatal rate of head on crashes ranged from 2.5% in the Pharr district to 13.7% in the Bryan district, among districts with at least 100 head on crashes. Districts anchored by the largest metros recorded the most head on crashes; several largely rural districts recorded far higher fatal rates. [HO-091]

Head On Crashes in Linked Health Records

The Texas Department of State Health Services links crash reports with EMS and trauma registry records. In its most recent linkage, for 2023, the head on category, "Opposite direction, both going straight," accounted for 627 of 8,297 linked patients, or 7.56%. A 2024 edition had not been published as of September 23, 2026. [HO-092]

Head on crashes were 1.45% of reportable Texas crashes in 2023, but the head on category accounted for 7.56% of patients in the linked crash, EMS, and trauma records, about 5 times its share of crashes. [HO-093]

The comparison is approximate. DSHS counts patients and CRIS counts crashes, and one head on crash can injure several people. Only patients whose records DSHS matched across all three datasets are included.

DSHS reports do not provide a consistent year to year series. The 2021 three dataset report used different inclusion rules, which changed again in 2022 and 2023, so shares across years should not be read as a trend.

The Minimum Measurable Cost

For its Highway Safety Improvement Program, TxDOT assigns crash values of $4,290,000 for each fatal or serious injury crash and $360,000 for each minor injury crash in its 2026 program call. [HO-094]

Applied to the 1,122 fatal or serious head on crashes and 1,548 minor injury head on crashes recorded in 2025, those planning values total about $5.4 billion. Fatal or serious crashes account for 90% of that figure. [HO-095]

This is a floor, not a complete cost estimate. TxDOT does not publish a value for possible injury, or C, crashes or no injury, or O, crashes. Those categories accounted for 5,073 of the 2025 head on crashes.

TxDOT's figures are comprehensive costs based on National Safety Council values. The program call does not identify a dollar year. They are planning values used to rank safety projects, not medical bills, insurance payments, settlements, or verdicts.

The Dataset Behind Every Number

The complete city by year dataset covers Texas and all 12 cities from 2019 through 2025. It includes all crashes, head on crashes, and head on crashes by severity. The county dataset covers every Texas county with a head on crash from 2019 through 2025, with deaths, 2025 population, vehicle miles, rates per 100,000 residents, and fatal crashes per 100 million vehicle miles.

Every figure on this page appears in the ledger with one of three labels:

• ORIGINAL: Calculated by this project from public records.
• SOURCED: Quoted from a cited document.
• DERIVED: Calculated from the original and sourced figures.

geography,year,all_crashes,headon_crashes,headon_share_pct,headon_k,headon_a,headon_b,headon_c,headon_o,headon_unknown,headon_ka,all_k,all_ka
Texas,2019,562258,7715,1.37,460,650,1136,1447,3988,34,1110,3299,16210
Texas,2020,475275,6989,1.47,408,568,991,1255,3721,46,976,3545,15665
Texas,2021,552707,8323,1.51,458,841,1322,1341,4310,51,1299,4028,19799
Texas,2022,555691,8052,1.45,467,715,1336,1189,4285,60,1182,3968,19272
Texas,2023,559734,8120,1.45,479,756,1428,1189,4208,60,1235,3874,19105
Texas,2024,555039,8141,1.47,456,727,1551,1188,4180,39,1183,3772,18694
Texas,2025,539112,7783,1.44,432,690,1548,1081,3992,40,1122,3471,17878
Houston,2019,68850,562,0.82,6,29,56,135,328,8,35,241,1451
Houston,2020,58172,517,0.89,10,23,57,108,305,14,33,259,1448
Houston,2021,66887,611,0.91,6,41,68,128,358,10,47,308,1698
Houston,2022,67358,605,0.90,13,19,65,127,361,20,32,301,1629
Houston,2023,67498,543,0.80,7,20,72,126,303,15,27,275,1633
Houston,2024,66322,544,0.82,11,26,66,135,299,7,37,319,1619
Houston,2025,60379,467,0.77,11,23,52,116,260,5,34,273,1525
Dallas,2019,36825,277,0.75,9,23,37,59,149,0,32,172,1080
Dallas,2020,31986,280,0.88,5,26,46,49,153,1,31,204,1019
Dallas,2021,35326,323,0.91,5,22,52,67,171,6,27,208,1282
Dallas,2022,33959,293,0.86,7,10,52,48,174,2,17,212,1214
Dallas,2023,31638,237,0.75,5,17,41,46,124,4,22,197,1157
Dallas,2024,26126,217,0.83,9,28,47,22,107,4,37,207,1115
Dallas,2025,24685,217,0.88,5,24,44,33,108,3,29,165,1048
Fort Worth,2019,14874,220,1.48,7,9,25,71,108,0,16,85,429
Fort Worth,2020,12796,205,1.60,5,13,35,51,100,1,18,108,510
Fort Worth,2021,14720,251,1.71,12,17,47,63,112,0,29,117,554
Fort Worth,2022,13437,208,1.55,6,24,49,35,94,0,30,114,569
Fort Worth,2023,13519,188,1.39,11,14,34,33,94,2,25,109,546
Fort Worth,2024,12941,163,1.26,5,6,47,27,77,1,11,107,499
Fort Worth,2025,15679,210,1.34,8,14,54,46,87,1,22,107,582
Austin,2019,16028,176,1.10,6,10,49,41,69,1,16,89,575
Austin,2020,11819,156,1.32,4,5,32,37,76,2,9,88,453
Austin,2021,12571,196,1.56,10,18,52,48,66,2,28,107,559
Austin,2022,12938,184,1.42,1,13,48,45,74,3,14,112,574
Austin,2023,12327,172,1.40,4,19,40,34,74,1,23,89,507
Austin,2024,11401,137,1.20,4,9,41,29,54,0,13,93,459
Austin,2025,11143,145,1.30,8,8,37,32,57,3,16,94,371
San Antonio,2019,43096,382,0.89,3,27,40,94,216,2,30,146,693
San Antonio,2020,33574,328,0.98,9,28,40,64,186,1,37,144,585
San Antonio,2021,38852,441,1.14,14,21,73,72,256,5,35,180,726
San Antonio,2022,39646,391,0.99,14,26,75,57,215,4,40,188,734
San Antonio,2023,40345,359,0.89,8,18,70,56,199,8,26,166,705
San Antonio,2024,39690,360,0.91,8,18,85,53,193,3,26,164,754
San Antonio,2025,37304,311,0.83,10,19,74,36,168,4,29,160,654
El Paso,2019,16263,91,0.56,3,2,9,21,53,3,5,65,247
El Paso,2020,12497,70,0.56,2,3,8,18,39,0,5,56,194
El Paso,2021,15661,99,0.63,1,2,20,16,60,0,3,66,257
El Paso,2022,16299,119,0.73,1,12,23,13,67,3,13,65,292
El Paso,2023,15920,81,0.51,1,2,22,8,48,0,3,73,303
El Paso,2024,15205,84,0.55,1,4,20,10,49,0,5,67,279
El Paso,2025,14728,96,0.65,1,7,30,11,47,0,8,53,276
Midland,2019,4175,40,0.96,3,4,9,2,22,0,7,17,75
Midland,2020,2520,22,0.87,1,4,4,1,12,0,5,11,65
Midland,2021,2628,33,1.26,2,1,6,3,21,0,3,20,76
Midland,2022,2818,26,0.92,1,3,4,5,13,0,4,23,100
Midland,2023,2933,36,1.23,3,0,12,8,13,0,3,20,91
Midland,2024,2677,31,1.16,1,3,7,5,15,0,4,19,79
Midland,2025,2643,37,1.40,1,4,11,5,16,0,5,12,88
Odessa,2019,3739,43,1.15,1,2,8,5,27,0,3,22,81
Odessa,2020,2791,26,0.93,4,2,4,3,13,0,6,28,64
Odessa,2021,2909,28,0.96,2,2,3,3,18,0,4,19,70
Odessa,2022,3272,40,1.22,3,1,6,7,23,0,4,23,66
Odessa,2023,3493,26,0.74,2,2,3,5,14,0,4,13,60
Odessa,2024,3578,30,0.84,1,1,10,2,16,0,2,28,93
Odessa,2025,3533,33,0.93,0,2,9,3,19,0,2,13,70
Laredo,2019,5702,50,0.88,1,2,12,10,24,1,3,11,72
Laredo,2020,4418,51,1.15,0,2,8,8,33,0,2,11,53
Laredo,2021,5527,50,0.90,1,3,4,8,34,0,4,15,76
Laredo,2022,6040,61,1.01,4,3,10,13,31,0,7,20,98
Laredo,2023,6312,72,1.14,2,3,6,11,50,0,5,17,77
Laredo,2024,6508,57,0.88,0,1,8,9,39,0,1,18,76
Laredo,2025,6020,38,0.63,1,0,5,10,22,0,1,12,64
Lubbock,2019,6677,43,0.64,2,2,5,13,21,0,4,45,99
Lubbock,2020,6145,63,1.03,4,3,13,15,28,0,7,21,86
Lubbock,2021,7448,60,0.81,2,4,10,17,27,0,6,42,115
Lubbock,2022,6623,51,0.77,2,4,10,13,22,0,6,34,98
Lubbock,2023,6089,54,0.89,2,1,10,16,25,0,3,34,97
Lubbock,2024,5167,45,0.87,2,1,7,20,15,0,3,26,86
Lubbock,2025,5124,32,0.62,1,2,4,8,17,0,3,23,87
Corpus Christi,2019,8177,82,1.00,1,3,6,16,56,0,4,34,132
Corpus Christi,2020,6788,64,0.94,1,5,6,12,40,0,6,30,145
Corpus Christi,2021,7991,75,0.94,2,3,12,15,43,0,5,42,161
Corpus Christi,2022,7683,84,1.09,6,5,19,8,46,0,11,29,157
Corpus Christi,2023,7440,66,0.89,2,3,11,13,36,1,5,35,157
Corpus Christi,2024,7238,64,0.88,2,6,3,4,49,0,8,41,153
Corpus Christi,2025,7245,64,0.88,4,6,18,2,34,0,10,35,159
McAllen,2019,2980,21,0.70,0,1,2,11,7,0,1,6,68
McAllen,2020,2144,19,0.89,1,2,3,11,2,0,3,6,45
McAllen,2021,2610,24,0.92,1,2,4,13,4,0,3,9,48
McAllen,2022,2836,20,0.71,1,1,5,8,5,0,2,12,68
McAllen,2023,2968,13,0.44,0,1,3,4,5,0,1,8,48
McAllen,2024,2904,25,0.86,0,0,7,6,12,0,0,6,62
McAllen,2025,2798,23,0.82,2,1,11,6,3,0,3,11,51

county,headon_crashes,fatal_headon_crashes,fatal_or_serious_headon_crashes,deaths,population_2025,vehicle_miles_2019_2025,headon_per_100k_residents_per_year,fatal_per_100k_residents_per_year,fatal_per_100m_vehicle_miles
Anderson County,178,17,30,24,59805,3535666577,42.52,4.06,0.481
Andrews County,115,15,27,30,18914,2792396069,86.86,11.33,0.537
Angelina County,236,21,44,25,88154,6267605282,38.24,3.40,0.335
Aransas County,61,7,17,9,26146,1616388032,33.33,3.82,0.433
Archer County,26,6,9,7,9129,1131359479,40.69,9.39,0.530
Armstrong County,11,3,3,10,1843,1134589307,85.26,23.25,0.264
Atascosa County,123,6,25,6,53590,5764483283,32.79,1.60,0.104
Austin County,88,9,18,9,33625,4427846747,37.39,3.82,0.203
Bailey County,15,0,0,0,6963,675411758,30.77,0.00,0.000
Bandera County,125,9,31,10,22876,1314678396,78.06,5.62,0.685
Bastrop County,402,46,87,65,118908,8148120564,48.30,5.53,0.565
Baylor County,11,2,2,3,3472,683110792,45.26,8.23,0.293
Bee County,44,5,10,9,32515,1847921112,19.33,2.20,0.271
Bell County,635,43,121,53,402248,26563776564,22.55,1.53,0.162
Bexar County,3448,107,336,126,2160088,119376344739,22.80,0.71,0.090
Blanco County,88,15,33,21,13581,2201377724,92.57,15.78,0.681
Borden County,12,2,5,4,567,200012334,302.34,50.39,1.000
Bosque County,63,10,16,12,18918,1602958750,47.57,7.55,0.624
Bowie County,217,12,35,14,92696,8889837493,33.44,1.85,0.135
Brazoria County,762,45,139,54,419080,21087198197,25.98,1.53,0.213
Brazos County,267,16,42,18,249088,13042999624,15.31,0.92,0.123
Brewster County,14,4,7,6,9458,771461306,21.15,6.04,0.518
Briscoe County,2,0,0,0,1474,167374658,19.38,0.00,0.000
Brooks County,17,1,3,1,6579,1800793431,36.91,2.17,0.056
Brown County,72,5,13,6,38711,2574672846,26.57,1.85,0.194
Burleson County,97,13,25,17,20549,2415637756,67.43,9.04,0.538
Burnet County,231,25,60,33,57015,5484703498,57.88,6.26,0.456
Caldwell County,190,19,42,20,55150,4172552760,49.22,4.92,0.455
Calhoun County,53,8,10,10,19599,1630064236,38.63,5.83,0.491
Callahan County,52,9,18,12,14491,2955268802,51.26,8.87,0.305
Cameron County,594,16,56,23,433946,23132075968,19.55,0.53,0.069
Camp County,44,3,5,5,13380,823778002,46.98,3.20,0.364
Carson County,23,5,7,9,5805,2318724759,56.60,12.30,0.216
Cass County,106,12,31,15,28651,2513586455,52.85,5.98,0.477
Castro County,29,1,8,1,7295,820518789,56.79,1.96,0.122
Chambers County,151,11,30,16,57594,8506023489,37.45,2.73,0.129
Cherokee County,176,16,29,25,53337,3559170772,47.14,4.29,0.450
Childress County,7,0,0,0,6643,1231410415,15.05,0.00,0.000
Clay County,29,3,6,6,10764,2301541509,38.49,3.98,0.130
Cochran County,1,1,1,1,2546,295546261,5.61,5.61,0.338
Coke County,21,2,5,2,3412,523792660,87.92,8.37,0.382
Coleman County,33,8,15,12,7915,1086699570,59.56,14.44,0.736
Collin County,1016,32,136,40,1297179,61511581834,11.19,0.35,0.052
Collingsworth County,4,1,2,1,2487,251510057,22.98,5.74,0.398
Colorado County,85,10,21,12,21439,5501326680,56.64,6.66,0.182
Comal County,436,29,90,44,209166,15516407120,29.78,1.98,0.187
Comanche County,66,10,16,16,14432,1322165054,65.33,9.90,0.756
Concho County,18,2,8,4,3607,839634279,71.29,7.92,0.238
Cooke County,93,5,19,7,44461,5467537187,29.88,1.61,0.091
Coryell County,180,19,33,22,85592,3727029893,30.04,3.17,0.510
Cottle County,1,0,0,0,1224,179896990,11.67,0.00,0.000
Crane County,29,7,12,14,4554,896260396,90.97,21.96,0.781
Crockett County,24,5,6,5,2769,1736797731,123.82,25.80,0.288
Crosby County,5,0,1,0,4852,527044766,14.72,0.00,0.000
Culberson County,19,3,5,5,2267,2231711370,119.73,18.90,0.134
Dallam County,31,6,7,8,7508,1288300499,58.98,11.42,0.466
Dallas County,3165,87,323,120,2661397,177188567621,16.99,0.47,0.049
Dawson County,36,2,9,2,11776,1637269799,43.67,2.43,0.122
DeWitt County,39,7,10,7,20309,1972234141,27.43,4.92,0.355
Deaf Smith County,28,1,4,1,18626,1471311816,21.48,0.77,0.068
Delta County,8,0,2,0,5549,511829925,20.60,0.00,0.000
Denton County,821,39,108,46,1069346,49240369720,10.97,0.52,0.079
Dickens County,3,0,0,0,1692,302424703,25.33,0.00,0.000
Dimmit County,62,14,20,24,8024,1543017842,110.38,24.93,0.907
Donley County,17,4,7,6,3213,1574298664,75.59,17.78,0.254
Duval County,26,5,6,5,9402,1057412578,39.51,7.60,0.473
Eastland County,54,8,13,10,18143,3809291260,42.52,6.30,0.210
Ector County,462,46,82,63,173801,12153208185,37.97,3.78,0.379
Edwards County,5,0,2,0,1370,301461253,52.14,0.00,0.000
El Paso County,912,21,78,27,877858,46292109808,14.84,0.34,0.045
Ellis County,568,31,91,43,240867,18886266990,33.69,1.84,0.164
Erath County,143,15,25,23,43911,3724607721,46.52,4.88,0.403
Falls County,54,11,17,18,17869,2241981278,43.17,8.79,0.491
Fannin County,110,23,38,35,39265,2683374448,40.02,8.37,0.857
Fayette County,97,9,19,12,25459,5399553359,54.43,5.05,0.167
Fisher County,21,3,6,4,3692,500865480,81.26,11.61,0.599
Floyd County,2,0,0,0,4881,475297219,5.85,0.00,0.000
Foard County,3,0,0,0,1044,151763408,41.05,0.00,0.000
Fort Bend County,850,36,105,44,975191,36367131393,12.45,0.53,0.099
Franklin County,41,3,14,3,10994,1528236016,53.28,3.90,0.196
Freestone County,93,7,16,8,20811,4529381826,63.84,4.81,0.155
Frio County,45,8,14,13,18823,3647794815,34.15,6.07,0.219
Gaines County,52,5,13,9,23956,2409925093,31.01,2.98,0.207
Galveston County,524,21,53,25,372207,17591474223,20.11,0.81,0.119
Garza County,8,0,4,0,4510,1272697614,25.34,0.00,0.000
Gillespie County,104,11,31,18,28527,2609992690,52.08,5.51,0.421
Glasscock County,18,7,9,11,1128,1017892001,227.96,88.65,0.688
Goliad County,16,1,5,1,7208,950985503,31.71,1.98,0.105
Gonzales County,107,12,24,17,20159,4288702904,75.83,8.50,0.280
Gray County,29,5,8,8,20919,1936970045,19.80,3.41,0.258
Grayson County,371,27,75,32,153613,12121269700,34.50,2.51,0.223
Gregg County,350,16,50,20,126095,9728505413,39.65,1.81,0.164
Grimes County,196,30,55,41,34252,3639007711,81.75,12.51,0.824
Guadalupe County,334,16,56,21,201111,11936599136,23.73,1.14,0.134
Hale County,38,5,11,7,31819,2827176884,17.06,2.24,0.177
Hall County,7,0,1,0,2737,724453254,36.54,0.00,0.000
Hamilton County,29,3,11,7,8680,1047680326,47.73,4.94,0.286
Hansford County,6,0,2,0,4944,418071968,17.34,0.00,0.000
Hardeman County,11,0,4,0,3292,1107825093,47.73,0.00,0.000
Hardin County,155,9,21,13,58723,4090580217,37.71,2.19,0.220
Harris County,7753,161,603,198,5045026,294005441127,21.95,0.46,0.055
Harrison County,214,8,27,9,71956,7864783334,42.49,1.59,0.102
Hartley County,58,11,17,22,4904,1338514687,168.96,32.04,0.822
Haskell County,13,0,2,0,5499,704550700,33.77,0.00,0.000
Hays County,663,28,99,31,304390,17608355586,31.12,1.31,0.159
Hemphill County,8,0,0,0,3083,389412763,37.07,0.00,0.000
Henderson County,273,26,56,36,88595,5600781942,44.02,4.19,0.464
Hidalgo County,1460,43,151,55,921549,44290940669,22.63,0.67,0.097
Hill County,132,12,24,14,39503,7530613458,47.74,4.34,0.159
Hockley County,33,8,14,10,21600,1948156897,21.83,5.29,0.411
Hood County,220,17,50,18,70501,3689771920,44.58,3.44,0.461
Hopkins County,104,6,14,6,39063,5018818728,38.03,2.19,0.120
Houston County,94,16,27,24,22316,1860628105,60.17,10.24,0.860
Howard County,79,6,10,9,30504,4143276510,37.00,2.81,0.145
Hudspeth County,35,9,10,10,3433,4040815294,145.65,37.45,0.223
Hunt County,304,33,73,40,123336,9258010569,35.21,3.82,0.356
Hutchinson County,24,3,4,5,19633,1055388079,17.46,2.18,0.284
Irion County,9,2,2,2,1463,586657882,87.88,19.53,0.341
Jack County,29,6,9,11,9563,927443717,43.32,8.96,0.647
Jackson County,43,10,14,13,15393,2684185023,39.91,9.28,0.373
Jasper County,108,11,24,15,33075,3318481521,46.65,4.75,0.331
Jeff Davis County,8,0,0,0,1711,504989566,66.79,0.00,0.000
Jefferson County,692,24,71,31,254321,18627628523,38.87,1.35,0.129
Jim Hogg County,2,2,2,6,4555,387221177,6.27,6.27,0.517
Jim Wells County,82,8,13,9,38804,3496920660,30.19,2.95,0.229
Johnson County,612,35,125,46,218048,12416982814,40.10,2.29,0.282
Jones County,29,5,6,8,20861,1480735268,19.86,3.42,0.338
Karnes County,83,16,28,20,15018,2079245933,78.95,15.22,0.770
Kaufman County,487,30,97,42,209235,13678266602,33.25,2.05,0.219
Kendall County,177,12,39,16,53289,4012130820,47.45,3.22,0.299
Kenedy County,1,0,0,0,319,1247374076,44.78,0.00,0.000
Kerr County,119,15,32,26,54037,4235072139,31.46,3.97,0.354
Kimble County,22,3,5,4,4438,1913565042,70.82,9.66,0.157
King County,4,1,3,3,192,241901513,297.62,74.40,0.413
Kinney County,11,2,2,3,3128,571175579,50.24,9.13,0.350
Kleberg County,51,8,9,9,30315,2412265837,24.03,3.77,0.332
Knox County,5,1,1,1,3192,421071204,22.38,4.48,0.237
La Salle County,20,5,7,7,6517,3250459037,43.84,10.96,0.154
Lamar County,165,14,27,17,51503,3944590718,45.77,3.88,0.355
Lamb County,27,5,8,7,12579,1306582196,30.66,5.68,0.383
Lampasas County,61,8,15,12,23657,1974288249,36.84,4.83,0.405
Lavaca County,53,6,11,12,20651,1808687310,36.66,4.15,0.332
Lee County,88,14,31,19,18729,2239646903,67.12,10.68,0.625
Leon County,112,13,23,15,16894,4630773415,94.71,10.99,0.281
Liberty County,529,42,93,59,121364,6966304680,62.27,4.94,0.603
Limestone County,81,8,15,12,22849,1890931146,50.64,5.00,0.423
Lipscomb County,6,0,0,0,2955,278576026,29.01,0.00,0.000
Live Oak County,61,4,10,9,11929,4165327192,73.05,4.79,0.096
Llano County,95,10,26,13,23353,1764672714,58.11,6.12,0.567
Loving County,63,8,16,11,52,999524143,17307.69,2197.80,0.800
Lubbock County,455,30,63,43,328906,18542785926,19.76,1.30,0.162
Lynn County,9,0,1,0,6017,1185872438,21.37,0.00,0.000
Madison County,80,7,11,8,14226,3067600608,80.34,7.03,0.228
Marion County,37,2,8,2,9896,819036623,53.41,2.89,0.244
Martin County,91,12,26,13,5284,2963401302,246.03,32.44,0.405
Mason County,18,2,6,3,3990,573218665,64.45,7.16,0.349
Matagorda County,82,11,24,13,36463,2644665911,32.13,4.31,0.416
Maverick County,119,11,20,18,58823,3003215888,28.90,2.67,0.366
McCulloch County,29,5,10,5,7472,898892048,55.45,9.56,0.556
McLennan County,446,19,62,20,272020,22301009870,23.42,1.00,0.085
McMullen County,24,2,3,3,544,635841629,630.25,52.52,0.315
Medina County,149,13,29,14,56881,4377271524,37.42,3.26,0.297
Menard County,20,5,7,6,1956,480587818,146.07,36.52,1.040
Midland County,446,23,65,26,187855,15335695747,33.92,1.75,0.150
Milam County,143,20,38,27,26258,2444802156,77.80,10.88,0.818
Mills County,28,2,5,2,4580,697985276,87.34,6.24,0.287
Mitchell County,18,2,2,2,8947,2005129070,28.74,3.19,0.100
Montague County,58,7,16,11,21966,2277700752,37.72,4.55,0.307
Montgomery County,1818,61,216,73,781194,41571663247,33.25,1.12,0.147
Moore County,55,6,11,7,21891,1672685460,35.89,3.92,0.359
Morris County,35,3,9,6,12133,1345010751,41.21,3.53,0.223
Motley County,7,2,2,3,1043,146609360,95.88,27.39,1.364
Nacogdoches County,251,24,44,34,66035,4932228680,54.30,5.19,0.487
Navarro County,214,9,25,11,57181,6494018673,53.46,2.25,0.139
Newton County,59,10,15,12,11954,1108664825,70.51,11.95,0.902
Nolan County,57,8,17,14,14117,3213107036,57.68,8.10,0.249
Nueces County,614,29,77,39,352992,23413956940,24.85,1.17,0.124
Ochiltree County,18,2,3,4,9284,781304129,27.70,3.08,0.256
Oldham County,32,6,11,10,1783,2337485489,256.39,48.07,0.257
Orange County,221,18,42,22,86266,8303119898,36.60,2.98,0.217
Palo Pinto County,87,6,13,8,30791,3248345788,40.36,2.78,0.185
Panola County,127,15,32,23,23018,2800024760,78.82,9.31,0.536
Parker County,499,33,78,40,184767,13179688280,38.58,2.55,0.250
Parmer County,21,2,5,4,9678,1206946669,31.00,2.95,0.166
Pecos County,57,8,14,9,14560,3514838402,55.93,7.85,0.228
Polk County,203,21,50,28,53434,4886890888,54.27,5.61,0.430
Potter County,310,17,44,24,114453,9221114690,38.69,2.12,0.184
Presidio County,19,4,10,7,5433,579229372,49.96,10.52,0.691
Rains County,38,9,13,12,13542,984094675,40.09,9.49,0.915
Randall County,239,17,36,23,152351,7168501243,22.41,1.59,0.237
Reagan County,24,4,4,7,3166,877948884,108.29,18.05,0.456
Real County,21,2,6,2,2745,303140397,109.29,10.41,0.660
Red River County,65,10,17,13,11816,1226050302,78.59,12.09,0.816
Reeves County,166,12,31,19,12138,4982279734,195.37,14.12,0.241
Refugio County,31,5,8,5,6657,2028133240,66.53,10.73,0.247
Roberts County,14,0,0,0,867,241902331,230.68,0.00,0.000
Robertson County,84,12,29,15,17839,2547186887,67.27,9.61,0.471
Rockwall County,336,4,28,4,140738,7957610117,34.11,0.41,0.050
Runnels County,35,8,13,13,9693,1180354262,51.58,11.79,0.678
Rusk County,175,21,43,28,54854,3779811707,45.58,5.47,0.556
Sabine County,37,1,2,1,10012,786464350,52.79,1.43,0.127
San Augustine County,43,4,7,6,7722,805597191,79.55,7.40,0.497
San Jacinto County,101,3,20,4,29488,2458035028,48.93,1.45,0.122
San Patricio County,117,10,19,19,72053,6588120466,23.20,1.98,0.152
San Saba County,20,4,5,5,5787,559223822,49.37,9.87,0.715
Schleicher County,9,2,3,3,2245,347852198,57.27,12.73,0.575
Scurry County,41,6,9,13,16162,1855513108,36.24,5.30,0.323
Shackelford County,16,1,2,1,3197,424254676,71.50,4.47,0.236
Shelby County,113,7,13,13,24286,2139182974,66.47,4.12,0.327
Sherman County,23,7,10,11,2781,801020772,118.15,35.96,0.874
Smith County,758,55,117,74,252549,18327361344,42.88,3.11,0.300
Somervell County,48,10,15,14,10261,820701408,66.83,13.92,1.218
Starr County,131,5,12,5,66319,3223239374,28.22,1.08,0.155
Stephens County,23,1,2,1,9380,671615004,35.03,1.52,0.149
Sterling County,10,2,3,2,1349,664275829,105.90,21.18,0.301
Stonewall County,1,0,1,0,1186,206095466,12.05,0.00,0.000
Sutton County,13,2,3,2,3203,1821829100,57.98,8.92,0.110
Swisher County,5,1,1,1,6703,1268404158,10.66,2.13,0.079
Tarrant County,2601,92,302,111,2248466,130329043538,16.53,0.58,0.071
Taylor County,213,11,35,14,150077,9787226147,20.28,1.05,0.112
Terrell County,15,4,7,9,702,222288445,305.25,81.40,1.799
Terry County,16,4,6,7,11720,1578854360,19.50,4.88,0.253
Throckmorton County,3,0,0,0,1554,212955291,27.58,0.00,0.000
Titus County,118,5,19,9,31563,3480363538,53.41,2.26,0.144
Tom Green County,154,12,21,14,120602,6707051015,18.24,1.42,0.179
Travis County,2434,106,304,124,1389670,77007713053,25.02,1.09,0.138
Trinity County,55,4,9,4,14384,1084164359,54.62,3.97,0.369
Tyler County,95,14,20,19,20443,1595178985,66.39,9.78,0.878
Upshur County,159,6,28,11,44410,3078749477,51.15,1.93,0.195
Upton County,45,11,20,15,3131,938795339,205.32,50.19,1.172
Uvalde County,53,9,22,10,24963,2075541074,30.33,5.15,0.434
Val Verde County,76,3,8,10,47835,2171529522,22.70,0.90,0.138
Van Zandt County,170,15,37,22,66130,7025529802,36.72,3.24,0.214
Victoria County,113,12,26,13,92656,7649361600,17.42,1.85,0.157
Walker County,185,16,42,24,83842,7636728325,31.52,2.73,0.210
Waller County,207,13,41,14,69858,6868199369,42.33,2.66,0.189
Ward County,62,13,17,17,11125,3639820546,79.61,16.69,0.357
Washington County,113,10,19,13,38288,4172103798,42.16,3.73,0.240
Webb County,436,12,33,16,281224,14725533617,22.15,0.61,0.081
Wharton County,118,16,30,22,42060,4972677514,40.08,5.43,0.322
Wheeler County,19,4,4,6,4773,1540520778,56.87,11.97,0.260
Wichita County,136,9,17,9,129555,7564728176,15.00,0.99,0.119
Wilbarger County,24,1,3,1,12481,1846749912,27.47,1.14,0.054
Willacy County,15,0,2,0,19971,1491426662,10.73,0.00,0.000
Williamson County,750,45,118,54,752827,37953005930,14.23,0.85,0.119
Wilson County,149,12,30,13,56139,3467213688,37.92,3.05,0.346
Winkler County,84,16,27,20,7540,1867994129,159.15,30.31,0.857
Wise County,265,22,60,30,83778,7616406225,45.19,3.75,0.289
Wood County,156,13,40,18,49688,2807442074,44.85,3.74,0.463
Yoakum County,7,1,2,1,7438,931404090,13.44,1.92,0.107
Young County,38,6,10,6,18154,1185511088,29.90,4.72,0.506
Zapata County,16,3,5,6,13753,870807446,16.62,3.12,0.345
Zavala County,32,8,13,17,9037,1192060346,50.59,12.65,0.671

How the Head On Crash Counts Were Calculated

How We Defined a Head On Crash

This study uses TxDOT Crash Records Information System manner of collision code 30: "Opposite direction, both going straight." The definition captures collisions in which two vehicles were traveling in opposite directions and both were recorded as proceeding straight at impact. TxDOT's Strategic Highway Safety Plan uses the same code for its head on crash definition, and TxDOT's crash data definitions describe a head on crash as a crash involving two vehicles traveling in opposite directions prior to impact.

It does not include opposite direction turning collisions, angle collisions, sideswipes, single vehicle crashes, or other crash types that may sometimes be described informally as head on. The study includes TxDOT reportable crashes occurring from January 1, 2019, through December 31, 2025. CRIS results were queried on September 23, 2026.

Crash level severity uses the most severe KABCO injury code recorded by the investigating officer. "Fatal" refers to crashes coded K. "Fatal or serious" refers to crashes coded K or A. Crash level severity should not be read as a count of people injured, diagnosed, or treated after a collision.

Where the study reports deaths or person level injuries, those figures come from the crash death counts and person records attached to the included code 30 crashes. Because crash records can be updated after annual reports are published, a CRIS query may differ slightly from TxDOT's annual Crash Facts snapshot.

The underlying crash records are public. The Texas Head On Collision Index is original in its head on specific filtering, data extraction, validation, calculations, comparisons, and editorial analysis. It is not a state issued ranking and does not claim exclusive access to TxDOT data.

The Index is a set of published measures, not a single score. Counts, shares, fatal rates, rates per 100,000 residents, and rates per 100 million vehicle miles are reported side by side, and no composite score or weighting is applied.

Every other opposite direction category is excluded, including codes 31 through 39, where one vehicle was backing, stopped, or turning. Angle crashes, same direction crashes, and single vehicle crashes are excluded as well. The distinction matters: if every opposite direction code were counted, the 2025 total would be 53,767 crashes, most of them left turns across oncoming traffic (code 34, 40,149 crashes). [HO-096]

Minimum Count Rules

Rankings based on small numbers can change with a single crash. County rate rankings include only counties with 20 or more fatal head on crashes from 2019 through 2025, and route rate rankings include only routes with 15 or more. Share killed is not shown for groups of fewer than 30 people, and fatal rates are not shown for conditions with fewer than 30 head on crashes. No county or route is described as the most dangerous on the strength of a small count.

Important Limits

CRIS data reflects officer reported crash records. It does not decide fault, legal liability, or the cause of an individual crash, and recorded conditions such as light, weather, and posted speed describe the setting of a crash, not its cause.

Population and vehicle mile rates are comparative measures, not predictions of any individual's crash risk. County vehicle mile rates use TxDOT's travel estimates for the roads in its county roadway inventory. Route rates use TxDOT's travel estimates for the route's main lanes and frontage roads as reflected in the roadway inventory. These rates should not be read as measures of all travel, all roads, or every possible crash exposure within a county or corridor.

How Crashes Are Assigned to Routes

The route analysis groups crashes by the CRIS Highway Name recorded for each crash. Each crash carries one route name, so it is counted once, under one route. From 2019 through 2025, 26,324 head on crashes carried a state highway route name. The CRIS Roadway Part field places 96.3% of them on main lanes, 2.6% on frontage roads, and 0.8% on ramps or connectors; for the 2,788 fatal ones, the shares were 98.6%, 1.0%, and 0.4%. The route vehicle miles cover main lanes and frontage roads, so nearly every route crash falls within the travel its rate is measured against. [HO-097]

Where two route numbers share one road, a crash is counted under the single route CRIS recorded. Concurrent routes, ramps, interchanges, and incomplete route coding can affect route level counts and rates.

Query Specification

Population rates use Census Bureau Vintage 2025 July 1 population estimates. "Fatal or serious" refers to the combined KA category: K, fatal, and A, suspected serious injury. The fatal rate is the share of head on crashes coded K.

The study relies on aggregate public records. It does not identify people involved in any crash.

Primary Texas Sources Used in This Index

Every source is a Texas agency, a Texas university, or a federal dataset filtered to Texas. Readers can review the underlying sources directly:

• TxDOT Crash Records Information System
• TxDOT 2025 Texas Motor Vehicle Traffic Crash Facts
• TxDOT Crash Facts summaries, 2019 to 2024 editions (each year is linked in the People Killed table)
• TxDOT Annual Motor Vehicle Crash Data Report Definitions
• TxDOT 2025 Rural and Urban Crashes and Injuries by Severity
• TxDOT 2025 Crashes and Injuries by City and Town
• TxDOT Texas Strategic Highway Safety Plan 2022 to 2027
• TxDOT Highway Safety Improvement Program Guidelines, 2026
• TxDOT State Systemic Widening program
• TxDOT Roadway Design Manual, Rumble Strips
• Texas A&M Transportation Institute, Super 2 highway crash study (2025)
• Texas A&M Transportation Institute, wrong way driving detection study (2024)
• Texas Department of State Health Services, 2023 crash, EMS, and trauma linkage
• Texas Department of State Health Services, 2021 crash, EMS, and trauma linked data
• U.S. Census Bureau Vintage 2025 city population estimates
• U.S. Census Bureau Vintage 2025 county population estimates
• TxDOT Roadway Data Tables, 2005 to 2025

Public Interest Traffic Safety Research

The Texas Head On Collision Index was prepared by J. Alexander Law Firm as public interest traffic safety research. It relies on aggregate public records and does not identify anyone involved in a crash. It is not legal advice.

Josh Alexander, founder and managing attorney of J. Alexander Law Firm, reviewed the index.

Related research includes The Texas Rear End Crash Index, The Texas After School Crash Window, and The Texas Red Light Camera Shutdown. For legal information after a crash, see the firm's Texas head on collision page.

This is Edition 1, published September 23, 2026, using a TxDOT CRIS public query accessed September 23, 2026. Planned updates include road segment hot spots within the highest rate corridors and a year by year road design series.

For media or research inquiries, use the firm contact page.